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Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART<\/jats:styled-content>) during antineoplastic chemotherapy is beneficial, but little is known about the clinical outcome according to different antiretroviral combinations. The aim of the study was to address this gap in current knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>A retrospective study was conducted in five large Italian centres for the period from 1998 to 2015; HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients diagnosed with lymphoma were included and demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were recorded and associated with clinical outcomes. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, including Cox proportional hazard models for survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 399 patients were included in the study. The most common types of lymphoma were diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma (DLCLB<\/jats:styled-content>; n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>164), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL<\/jats:styled-content>; n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>99) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL<\/jats:styled-content>; n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>57), followed by plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL<\/jats:styled-content>; n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>38), T\u2010cell lymphoma (TCL<\/jats:styled-content>; n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>17), indolent lymphoma (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>10) and other less common types (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>14). cART<\/jats:styled-content> was given to 327 (out of 387 evaluable) patients: in 216 subjects it was protease inhibitor (PI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based, in 73 it was nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based and in 18 it was integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based (the remaining 20 individuals received other regimens). The 5\u2010year overall survival was 57.5% (52.8% for DLCLB<\/jats:styled-content>, 67.8% for HL<\/jats:styled-content>, 42.3% for BL<\/jats:styled-content>, 60.6% for PBL<\/jats:styled-content> and 64.7% for TCL<\/jats:styled-content>). PI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based ART<\/jats:styled-content> compared with other compounds was associated with worse survival in non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL<\/jats:styled-content>) and HL<\/jats:styled-content> patients combined (P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and in NHL<\/jats:styled-content> patients alone (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001); grade 3\u20134 haematological toxicities were more commonly observed in PI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated individuals. Lymphoma diagnosis in recent years, better immunovirological status, lower lymphoma stage and better prognostic indexes were associated with better survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>PI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based cART<\/jats:styled-content> while on chemotherapy was associated with worse overall survival and more frequent haematological complications in HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive patients with lymphoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T07:50:19Z","timestamp":1528098619000},"page":"523-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Survival in HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected patients with lymphoma according to the choice of antiretroviral treatment: an observational multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4395-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Foc\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and Brescia Spedali Civili Hospital Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Cavagli\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases Department of Medical Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Rusconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Ospedale Luigi Sacco University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cascavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases Section\u00a0of Infectious Diseases S. Orsola\u2010Malpighi Hospital \u201cAlma Mater Studiorum\u201d University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Cenderello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases EO Ospedali Galliera Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Haematology Spedali Civili Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Casari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases Carlo Poma Hospital Mantova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"van den Bogaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Ospedale Luigi Sacco University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PL","family":"Zinzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases Section\u00a0of Infectious Diseases S. 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