{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:56:08Z","timestamp":1768316168350,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the review was to elucidate the adverse effects of chronic treatment with the main subclasses of highly active antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was carried out using the methods recommended in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta\u2010analysis Protocols (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRISMA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010P). Searches of articles in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SCIELO<\/jats:styled-content>, Web of Science and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LILACS<\/jats:styled-content> were conducted from January to October 2018 based on the following descriptors and keywords: \u2018<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2019 [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content>]; \u2018<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2019 [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]; \u2018<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content>\u2019 [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content>]; \u2018Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy\u2019 [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]; \u2018Adverse Effects\u2019 [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AND<\/jats:styled-content>]. All articles selected described the biochemical changes produced by, and the main adverse effects of, using one or more of the following HAART subclasses: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRTIs<\/jats:styled-content>), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s), protease inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>s) and other new drugs. The selected articles included patients living with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> (PLWH) initiating or continuing any type of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content>. The results are presented qualitatively and discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one articles found in the searches were selected for the review, and they included a total of 5626 participants. Seven of the studies investigated mainly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s, three studies mainly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s, eight studies predominantly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>s, and three studies other antiretroviral drugs as the main treatment. The most common adverse effects on biochemical parameters were the emergence of anaemia for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s as well as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNRTI<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>s, and plasma lipid alterations caused by their prolonged use. In general, it was found that biological differences among individuals can cause differences in adverse effects, such as virological and treatment failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>One or more occurrences of adverse effects of the chronic utilization of drugs were found for all subclasses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAART<\/jats:styled-content>, and certain combinations of drugs from different subclasses were also found to be associated with adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T08:44:25Z","timestamp":1555922665000},"page":"429-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Adverse effects of chronic treatment with the Main subclasses of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"BF","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adipose Tissue Research Group Department of Physiological Sciences State University of Maring\u00e1 Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7517-3251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"GML","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences State University of Maring\u00e1 Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0205-8196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SR","family":"da Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adipose Tissue Research Group Department of Physiological Sciences State University of Maring\u00e1 Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5072-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SMF","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adipose Tissue Research Group Department of Physiological Sciences State University of Maring\u00e1 Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SB","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adipose Tissue Research Group Department of Physiological Sciences State University of Maring\u00e1 Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v4.i2.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c160028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"BRASIL. 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