{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T19:00:19Z","timestamp":1773255619438,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12023\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12023\/26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to explore factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 percentage (CD4%) reconstitution following treatment interruptions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIs<\/jats:styled-content>) of antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from paediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected cohorts across 17 countries in Europe and Thailand were pooled. Children on combination ART (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content>; at least three drugs from at least two classes) for &gt;\u00a06\u00a0months before <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content> of \u2265\u00a030\u00a0days while aged &lt;\u00a018\u00a0years were included. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% at restart of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> (r\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>) and in the long term (up to 24\u00a0months after r\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>) following the first <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content> was modelled using asymptotic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 779 children with at least one TI, the median age at first <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content> was 10.1 [interquartile range (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>) 6.4, 13.6]\u00a0years and the mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% was 27.3% [standard deviation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) 11.0%]; the median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content> duration was 9.0 (IQR 3.5, 22.5)\u00a0months. In regression analysis, the mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% was 19.2% [95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 18.3, 20.1%] at r\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>, and 27.1% (26.2, 27.9%) in the long term, with half this increase in the first 6\u00a0months. r\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> and long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% values were highest in female patients and in children aged &lt;\u00a03\u00a0years at the start of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content>. Long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% was highest in those with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content> lasting 1 to &lt;3 months, those with r\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> after year 2000 and those with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% nadir \u2265\u00a025% (all <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). The effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% nadir during the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content> differed significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038) by viral suppression at the start of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content>; in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% nadir &lt;\u00a015% during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content>, recovery was better in those virally suppressed prior to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content>; viral suppression was not associated with recovery in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% nadir \u2265\u00a025%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>After restart of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content>, most children reconstituted well immunologically. Nevertheless, several factors predicted better immunological reconstitution, including younger age and higher nadir <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4% during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T04:59:21Z","timestamp":1558069161000},"page":"456-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CD4 recovery following antiretroviral treatment interruptions in children and adolescents with HIV infection in Europe and Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"name":"The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group in EuroCoord","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69153-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68887-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328013d9eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31813e62e1","article-title":"Determinants of virologic and immunologic outcomes in chronically HIV\u2010infected subjects undergoing repeated treatment interruptions: the Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u2010Pulsed Antiretroviral Therapy (ISS\u2010PART) study","volume":"46","author":"Palmisano L","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f2d760"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328333d343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61409-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835c1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f88d02"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"HICDEP. 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