{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:40:45Z","timestamp":1761129645503,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,26]],"date-time":"2019-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ayudas contrataci\u00f3n de ayudantes de investigaci\u00f3n y t\u00e9cnicos de laboratorio, Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Juventud y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid","award":["PEJ17\/bio\/0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ17\/bio\/0064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the use of dual antiretroviral therapies could reduce the toxicity of antiretroviral treatment in treatment\u2010experienced HIV\u20101\u2010infected patients, it is crucial to know if reducing the number of drugs could lead to an adverse increase in inflammation and activation markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional pilot study conducted at the HIV\u20101 Unit at the Tertiary University Hospital in Madrid, Spain, evaluating biomarkers of activation [interferon\u2010\u03b3\u2010induced protein 10 (IP10), high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (hs\u2010CRP), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and sCD163], inflammation [interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106)], blood coagulation (<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010dimer), and immune response [interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20104] in three groups of suppressed HIV\u20101\u2010infected patients: patients continuing on triple therapy (26 patients), and patients who switched from triple to dual therapy, at 24 or 48 weeks after switching (13 and 36 patients, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic and immunovirological parameters were similar in the three groups of patients. IL\u20106 and sCD14 levels were lower in patients at 48 weeks after switching to dual therapy compared with those found in patients who continued to receive triple therapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.012 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, respectively), with no differences in the levels of the remaining biomarkers. Among patients with nadir CD4 count \u2264 200 cells\/\u03bcL, sCD14 levels were lower in patients who had been on dual therapy for 48 weeks (14 patients) compared with those found in patients who received ongoing triple therapy (11 patients; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.029), with no differences in the levels of the other biomarkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u20101\u2010infected patients receiving dual regimens showed similar or even lower levels of inflammatory and activation markers compared with those found in patients who received ongoing triple therapy. Of note, similar data were obtained in patients with low nadir CD4 count.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T03:55:26Z","timestamp":1558929326000},"page":"555-560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Switching to dual antiretroviral regimens is associated with improvement or no changes in activation and inflammation markers in virologically suppressed HIV\u20101\u2010infected patients: the TRILOBITHE pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-878X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Vallejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunovirology Department of Infectious Diseases Health Research Institute Ramon y Cajal (IRyCIS) University Hospital Ramon y Cajal Madrid 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