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We examined the association between adiponectin concentration and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated lipodystrophy, which remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Study to Understand the Natural History of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>in the Era of Effective Therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SUN<\/jats:styled-content>) was a prospective cohort study of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected adults conducted in four US cities. Lean body and fat masses were assessed using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry scans. Using baseline data from 2004 to 2006, we defined lipodystrophy using a sex\u2010specific fat mass ratio and performed cross\u2010sectional analyses of associated risks using multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 440 male participants (median age 42\u00a0years; 68% non\u2010Hispanic white; 88% prescribed combination antiretroviral therapy; median<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 lymphocyte count 468 cells\/\u03bcL; 76% with viral load &lt;\u00a0400 HIV\u20101 RNA copies\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>; 5% diabetic; median body mass index 25\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), median concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were 3.04\u00a0ng\/L [interquartile range (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.77\u20135.43 ng\/L] and 8005\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>4950\u201311\u00a0935 \u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>), respectively. The prevalence of lipodystrophy was 14%. Lipodystrophy was significantly associated with increasing age [prevalence ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.50; 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.10\u20132.06, per 10\u00a0years], adiponectin &lt;\u00a08005\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>5.02; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>2.53\u20139.95), ever stavudine use (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>2.26; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.36\u20133.75),<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell count &gt;\u00a0500 cells\/\u03bcL (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>2.59; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.46\u20134.61), viral load &lt;\u00a0400 copies\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>3.98; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.25\u201312.6), highly sensitive C\u2010reactive protein &lt;\u00a01.61\u00a0mg\/L (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>1.91; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.11\u20133.28) and smoking (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>0.42; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>0.22\u20130.78).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among men in this<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected cohort, the prevalence of lipodystrophy was similar to previous estimates for persons living with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>, and was associated with lower adiponectin levels, potentially indicating increased cardiovascular disease risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T10:10:26Z","timestamp":1559297426000},"page":"534-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lower serum adiponectin level is associated with lipodystrophy among<scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected men in the Study to\u00a0Understand the Natural History of<scp>HIV<\/scp>\/<scp>AIDS<\/scp>in the Era of Effective Therapy (<scp>SUN<\/scp>) study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Klos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 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