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We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review investigating the presence of impairment of (sub)components of memory function in patients prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We adopted a cognitive neuropsychological model of memory function as the theoretical framework, distinguishing between a short\u2010term working memory component and a long\u2010term component of memory, along with their specific (sub)components. We systematically searched for the presence of impairment of each (sub)component in the selected papers. Careful consideration was given to study design and methods and control of covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only the central executive component of working memory has been consistently reported to be impaired in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. The other two (sub)components, namely the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad, were unimpaired. Discordant results have been obtained as to verbal and visual episodic memory, as some authors reported an association with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection, whereas others did not. There is little evidence for semantic memory deficit in HIV infection, while there are suggestions that the neural substrate of implicit memory may be damaged by the effects of HIV infection and inflammation. Most studies in this area have been conducted in small samples and with poor control for covariates. Thus, conclusions regarding the association of memory dysfunction with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection are hampered by methodological issues such as selection bias and unmeasured confounding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The task remains for future research to ascertain the impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection on memory function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T15:57:43Z","timestamp":1570809463000},"page":"9-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The association of memory disorders and chronic <scp>HIV<\/scp> disease in the antiretroviral therapy era: a systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Ripamonti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Milan Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico\u2010Chirurgica e dei Trapianti Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Human memory: Theory and practice","author":"Baddeley A","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.19.030196.000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"The Neurology of HIV Infection. 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