{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:27:42Z","timestamp":1791228462995,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["177499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["177499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PZ00P3\u2010142411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ00P3\u2010142411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BSSGI0_155851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BSSGI0_155851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chemsex refers to the use of sex\u2010enhancing drugs among men who have sex with men (MSM) in combination with specific sexual and social behaviours. Longitudinal data on this development and the associated health risks are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on all recreational drugs reported in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) from 2007 to 2017 were collected. Drug use was analysed longitudinally for all drug classes. In addition, potential associations between patient characteristics and the consumption of methamphetamine, \u03b3\u2010hydroxybutric acid\/\u03b3\u2010butyrolactone (GHB\/GBL), 3,4\u2010methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA\/XTC), cocaine and amphetamine were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed 166\u00a0167 follow\u2010up entries for 12\u00a0527 SHCS participants, including 7101 free text field entries containing information about recreational drugs other than cannabis, cocaine and heroin. Overall, we observed a stable percentage (9.0%) of recreational drug use (excluding cannabis, amyl nitrite and prescription drugs). For MSM, however, there was an increase in overall drug use from 8.8% in 2007 to 13.8% in 2017, with particularly large increases for methamphetamine (from 0.2 to 2.4%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and GHB\/GBL (from 1.0 to 3.4%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The use of each of the potentially sex\u2010enhancing drugs methamphetamine, GHB\/GBL, cocaine, XTC\/MDMA and amphetamine was significantly associated with condomless sex with nonsteady partners, and higher prevalences of depression, syphilis and hepatitis C.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The significant increase in the use of chemsex drugs among MSM in the SHCS and the strong association with coinfections and depression highlights the need for harm reduction programmes tailored to MSM. According to our results, improving knowledge about recreational drugs is important for all health care professionals working with people living with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T09:04:17Z","timestamp":1576659857000},"page":"228-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Chemsex drugs on the rise: a longitudinal analysis of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 2007 to 2017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5474-5927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B","family":"Hampel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kusejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RD","family":"Kouyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"B\u00f6ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Flepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Infectious Diseases Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"St\u00f6ckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases &amp; 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