{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:26:04Z","timestamp":1791246364007,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 AI124979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 AI124979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI068616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI068616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI068632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI068632"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI106716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI106716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 MH58107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 MH58107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R36 DA046310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R36 DA046310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2U01 DA036267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2U01 DA036267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of obesity is rising among people living with HIV, which may synergistically increase inflammation and the risk of associated diseases. Disruption of gut bacterial communities may be one of the key drivers of this inflammation; however, the combined effects of HIV and obesity on the microbiome have not been explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 381 men who have sex with men. Thirty\u2010nine were HIV\u2010positive and obese (H+O+), 143 were HIV\u2010positive and nonobese, 64 were HIV\u2010negative and obese, and 135 were HIV\u2010negative and nonobese. Microbiome composition was assessed by targeted sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene using rectal swab samples. Inverse probability of treatment\u2010weighted marginal structural models were\u00a0used to investigate differences in microbial composition between groups while controlling for numerous clinical and behavioural confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant variability in microbial composition was explained by the combination of HIV and obesity, over and above each condition alone (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for the marginal contribution of the H+\/O+ group\u00a0=\u00a00.008; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). H+O+ participants had the highest ratios of <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> to <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>, a pro\u2010inflammatory enterotype that has been described in HIV infection and obesity independently. H+O+ participants had lower levels of <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic> than all other groups, suggesting a synergistic effect of HIV and obesity on these genera.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support the hypothesis that HIV and obesity act together to disrupt gut microbial communities, which may help explain higher levels of generalized inflammation among people living with both HIV and obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,28]],"date-time":"2019-12-28T04:33:01Z","timestamp":1577507581000},"page":"365-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Combined effects of HIV and obesity on the gastrointestinal microbiome of young men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RR","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JA","family":"Fulcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NH","family":"Tobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Javanbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Brookmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Shoptaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Science David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Bolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles LGBT Center Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GM","family":"Aldrovandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PM","family":"Gorbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight & Obesity. Available athttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/data\/adult.html(accessed 10 December 2019)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60814-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-016-0298-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report 2016. Available athttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2016-vol-28.pdf(accessed 10 December 2019)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000817"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"22nd International AIDS Conference","author":"Laidlaw E","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31827303d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0625-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01018-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/4441022a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812600106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504978102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084689"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30673"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00050-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70134-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0897-4_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-017-0368-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002132"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf5103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0543-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.191320.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Clinical guidelines on the identification evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report 1998. Available athttps:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/files\/docs\/guidelines\/ob_gdlns.pdf(accessed 10 December 2019)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","unstructured":"RidgewayD McCaffreyDF MorralA GriffinBA BurgetteLF.Toolkit for Weighting and Analysis of Nonequivalent Groups. R package version 1.5.2017 Available athttps:\/\/CRAN.Rproject.org\/package=twang(accessed 10 December 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000001907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.32132"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01682-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2018.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12661"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx650"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obesity and socioeconomic status in adults: United States, 2005\u20132008","volume":"50","author":"Ogden CL","year":"2010","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2450"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fhiv.12838","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.12838","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.12838","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.12838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T14:17:23Z","timestamp":1692886643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.12838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.12838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.12838","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}