{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T09:48:05Z","timestamp":1785750485858,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011104","name":"Fifth Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QLK2\u20102000\u201000150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QLK2\u20102000\u201000150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12023\/26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12023\/26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011103","name":"Sixth Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSHP\u2010CT\u20102006\u2010018865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHP\u2010CT\u20102006\u2010018865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Planned treatment interruption (PTI) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults is associated with adverse outcomes. The PENTA 11 trial randomized HIV\u2010infected children to continuous ART (CT) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. CD4\u2010driven PTIs. We report 5\u00a0years\u2019 follow\u2010up after the end of main trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010trial, all children resumed ART. Clinical, immunological, virological and treatment data were collected annually. A sub\u2010study investigated more detailed immunophenotype. CT and PTI arms were compared using intention\u2010to\u2010treat. Laboratory parameters were compared using linear regression, adjusting for baseline values; mixed models were used to include all data over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 101 children (51 CT, 50 PTI) contributed a median of 7.6\u00a0years, including 5.1\u00a0years of post\u2010trial follow\u2010up. Post\u2010trial, there were no deaths, one pulmonary tuberculosis and no other CDC stage B\/C events. At 5 years post\u2010trial, 90% of children in the CT <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 82% in the PTI arm had HIV RNA\u00a0&lt;\u00a050\u00a0copies\/mL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.26). A persistent increase in CD8 cells was observed in the PTI arm. The sub\u2010study (54 children) suggested that both na\u00efve and memory populations contributed to higher CD8 cells following PTI. Mean CD4\/CD8 ratios at 5\u00a0years post\u2010trial were 1.22 and 1.08 in CT and PTI arms, respectively [difference (CT \u2013 PTI) = \u22120.15; 95% CI: \u22120.34\u20130.05), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.14]. The sub\u2010study also suggested that during the trial and at early timepoints after the end of the trial, reduction in CD4 in the PTI arm was mainly from loss of CD4 memory cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children tolerated PTI with few long\u2010term clinical, virological or immunological consequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T05:28:28Z","timestamp":1604035708000},"page":"172-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long\u2010term clinical, virological and immunological outcomes following planned treatment interruption in HIV\u2010infected children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Freguja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Oncology and Immunology Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4764-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Bamford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust London UK"},{"name":"UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK"},{"name":"MRC Clinical Trials Unit London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Zanchetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV \u2013 IRCCS Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Del Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Biostatistic Unit Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV \u2013 IRCCS Padova 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