{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:23:04Z","timestamp":1784600584881,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of chidamide to reverse HIV\u20101 latency <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and to compare the effects of four clinically tested histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on non\u2010histone proteins <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants received chidamide orally at 10\u00a0mg twice weekly for 4\u00a0weeks while maintaining baseline antiretroviral therapy. The primary outcome was plasma viral rebound during chidamide dosing and the secondary outcomes were safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, changes in cell\u2010associated HIV\u20101 RNA and HIV\u20101 DNA, and immune parameters. Western blotting was used to compare the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> effects of the four HDAC inhibitors on HSP90, NF\u2010\u03baB and AP\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven aviraemic participants completed eight oral doses of chidamide, and only grade 1 adverse events were observed. Cyclic increases in histone acetylation were also detected. All participants showed robust and repeated plasma viral rebound (peak viraemia 147\u20133850 copies\/mL), as well as increased cell\u2010associated HIV\u20101 RNA, during chidamide treatment. Furthermore, we identified an enhanced HIV\u20101\u2010specific cellular immune response and a modest 37.7% (95% CI: 12.7\u201362.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028) reduction in cell\u2010associated HIV\u20101 DNA. Compared with the other three HDAC inhibitors, chidamide had minimal cytotoxicity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> at clinically relevant concentrations and showed mechanistically superior effects on non\u2010histone proteins, including HSP90, NF\u2010\u03baB and AP\u20101.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chidamide safely and vigorously disrupts HIV\u20101 latency <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, which makes it a promising latency\u2010reversing agent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T13:24:21Z","timestamp":1608902661000},"page":"747-757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide induces intermittent viraemia in HIV\u2010infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral 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