{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:38:24Z","timestamp":1790735904119,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>People living with HIV (PLWH) have a high risk of kidney injury. Measurement of serum creatinine, along with proteinuria, is not sensitive to detect early\u00a0kidney injury. Here, we investigated novel urinary biomarkers of early renal injury in PLWH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a cross\u2010sectional study of 166 antiretroviral\u2010na\u00efve PLWH and 99 HIV\u2010negative persons who all had an estimated glomerular filtration rate &gt; 90\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. We compared the levels of seven urinary biomarkers between the two groups using the propensity score matching (PSM) approach and explored the risk factors associated with elevated urinary biomarkers in PLWH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010three pairs were successfully matched based on PSM. Compared with the HIV\u2010negative group, the HIV\u2010positive group had higher ratios of N\u2010acetyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010glucosaminidase (NAG) to urine creatinine (UCr), alpha1\u2010microglobulin (\u03b11\u2010M) to UCr, kidney injury marker\u20101 (KIM\u20101) to UCr, neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin to UCr, and epidermal growth factor to UCr, whereas the Tamm\u2013Horsfall protein to UCr ratio and the abnormal albumin to UCr ratio were not significantly different. Positive correlations were observed between HIV RNA level and NAG: UCr (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.32; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and \u03b11\u2010M:UCr (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.24; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) ratios, and negative correlations were observed between CD4 cell count and NAG:UCr (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.34; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), KIM\u20101:UCr (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.16; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.042) and \u03b11\u2010M:UCr (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.36; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) ratios. In multivariate linear regression analyses, older age, lower total cholesterol and higher HIV RNA were independently associated with higher NAG:UCr; older age, lower total cholesterol and lower CD4 cell count were independently associated with higher \u03b11\u2010M:UCr.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparioson with HIV\u2010negative participants, PLWH were more likely to have tubular injury. Early antiretroviral treatment might mitigate the development of kidney injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T06:34:51Z","timestamp":1623393291000},"page":"750-758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Urinary biomarkers of early renal injury in antiretroviral\u2010na\u00efve HIV\u2010positive persons in Shanghai, China: comparison with the general population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"XQ","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8345-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DP","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZY","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine Jiamusi University Jamusi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3781-5900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JN","family":"Xun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Center Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JR","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JJ","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Steinhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAN Community Health Sarasota FL USA"},{"name":"University of Central Florida College of Medicine Orlando FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Fudan University Shanghai 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