{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:17:06Z","timestamp":1791400626930,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chemsex in a European context is the use of any of the following drugs to facilitate sex: crystal methamphetamine, mephedrone and gamma\u2010hydroxybutyrate (GHB)\/gamma\u2010butyrolactone (GBL) and, to a lesser extent, cocaine and ketamine. This study describes the prevalence of self\u2010reported recreational drug use and chemsex in HIV\u2010positive men who have sex with men (MSM) accessing HIV services in four countries. It also examines the problematic impacts and harms of chemsex and access to chemsex\u2010related services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross\u2010sectional multi\u2010centre questionnaire study of HIV\u2010positive MSM accessing nine HIV services in the UK, Spain, Greece and Italy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all, 1589 HIV\u2010positive MSM attending HIV services in four countries completed the questionnaire. The median age of participants was 38\u00a0years (interquartile range: 32\u201346\u00a0years) and 1525 (96.0%) were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the previous 12\u00a0months, 709 (44.6%) had used recreational drugs, 382 (24.0%) reported chemsex and 104 (6.5%) reported injection of chemsex\u2010associated drugs (\u2018slamsex\u2019). Of the 382 engaging in chemsex, 155 (40.6%) reported unwanted side effects as a result of chemsex and 81 (21.2%) as a result of withdrawal from chemsex. The reported negative impacts from chemsex were on work (25.1%, 96), friends\/family (24.3%, 93) and relationships (28.3%, 108). Fifty\u2010seven (14.9%) accessed chemsex\u2010related services in the past year, 38 of whom (67%) felt the service met their needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quarter of participants self\u2010reported chemsex in the past 12\u00a0months. There were high rates of harms from chemsex across all countries, including negative impacts on work, friends\/family and relationships. Although a minority of those engaging in chemsex accessed support, most found this useful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T10:14:41Z","timestamp":1629886481000},"page":"944-957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Chems4EU: chemsex use and its impacts across four European countries in HIV\u2010positive men who have sex with men attending HIV services"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary G.","family":"Whitlock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea &amp; Westminster NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Protopapas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine Attikon University Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose I.","family":"Bernardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8411-1952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkaitz","family":"Imaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and STI Unit Department of Infectious Diseases Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Stingone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine Tor Vergata University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivapatham","family":"Shivasankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent Community NHS Foundation Trust Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stevenage &amp; Watford clinics, Chelsea &amp; Westminster NHS Foundation Trust Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Kettering UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine Attikon University Hospital National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Mican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz IdiPAZ Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and STI Unit Department of Infectious Diseases Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) University of Barcelona L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Nestor Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Andreoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine Tor Vergata University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stevenage &amp; Watford clinics, Chelsea &amp; Westminster NHS Foundation Trust Hertfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajra","family":"Okhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4056-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea &amp; Westminster NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health &amp; Society La Trobe University Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Kirby Institute University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent Community NHS Foundation Trust Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2019 ECDC report.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/hiv\u2010surveillance\u2010report\u20102019.pdf. Accessed October 24 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052674"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2017.0263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"BourneA ReidD HicksonF et al.The Chemsex study;2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.18.1.19273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Guidance on the clinical management of acute and chronic harms of club drugs and novel psychoactive substances NEPTUNE expert group.2015.http:\/\/neptune\u2010clinical\u2010guidance.co.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/NEPTUNE\u2010Guidance\u2010March\u20102015.pdf. Accessed October 24 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Sexualised drug use by MSM: background, current status, and response","volume":"13","author":"Stuart D","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-020-01801-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"EMIS\u20102017 The European men who have sex with men internet survey Sigma Research.http:\/\/sigmaresearch.org.uk\/files\/EMIS\u20102017_\u2010_The_European_MSM_Internet_Survey_\u2010_findings_from_50_countries.pdf. Accessed August 17 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02739-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102703"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.13160","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.13160","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.13160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1693303365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.13160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.13160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.13160","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}