{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:38:03Z","timestamp":1765280283460,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV self\u2010testing is an effective tool to improve diagnostic coverage in key populations, enabling linkage to care and access to antiretroviral therapy. Its implementation requires better understanding of patients\u2019 perspectives on this novel strategy. The aim of the study was to investigate the perception of men who have sex with men (MSM) regarding the HIV oral fluid self\u2010test (HIVST) in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, and to analyse the sociodemographic characteristics and testing strategy preferences of individuals registered to undertake HIVST.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preceding the implementation of HIVST use as public policy in 2019, we recruited MSM living in S\u00e3o Paulo to undertake HIVST using a digital platform, and investigated their sociodemographic profiles, testing experiences and testing preferences. Results were compared according to reported lifetime HIV testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 6477 MSM (median age 28\u00a0years) were recruited to the study from April 9th to December 31st, 2018. Seventy\u2010eight per cent reported previous HIV testing. The opening hours of health facilities (53%), concern about disclosing intimate personal information to health care providers (34%) and fear of stigma (21%) were reported as the main barriers to testing. Older age, higher education, illicit drug use and self\u2010identifying as gay were associated with prior HIV testing (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Most participants (67%) were unaware that HIVST was available before enrolling in the study. Preference for HIVST over other testing technologies was higher among those never tested (71%) than among participants with previous HIV testing (61%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIVST was found to be an effective tool to improve testing uptake among MSM, particularly those who had never been tested before. Characterization of the most likely users of HIVST among MSM will help to inform implementation and scaling up of this novel testing method in the Brazilian public health system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T03:06:52Z","timestamp":1634267212000},"page":"451-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["HIV self\u2010test: a tool to expand test uptake among men who have sex with men who have never been tested for HIV in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9753-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department\/Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Hospital das Clinicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6660-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian I.","family":"Avelino\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department\/Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Hospital das Clinicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivone A.","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STD\/AIDS Reference and Training Centre State Secretariat of Health of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leda\u00a0F.","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STD\/AIDS Reference and Training Centre State Secretariat of Health of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4685-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Clara","family":"Gianna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STD\/AIDS Reference and Training Centre State Secretariat of Health of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/AIDS Coordination of the city of S\u00e3o Paulo Municipal Secretariat of Health  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robinson","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/AIDS Coordination of the city of S\u00e3o Paulo Municipal Secretariat of Health  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diversity Reference and Defense Centre  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilvane","family":"Casimiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Health Conditions and Sexually Transmitted Infections Ministry of Health  Brasilia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6823-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanda","family":"Cota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Public Health, Fiocruz  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2614-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C.","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/AIDS Coordination of the city of S\u00e3o Paulo Municipal Secretariat of Health  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4061-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marly","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Public Health, Fiocruz  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6311-8036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aluisio C.","family":"Segurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department\/Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Hospital das Clinicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.2020.World Aids day fact sheet.https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet#:~:text=26%20million%20%5B25.1%20million%E2%80%9326.2 the%20end%20of%20JJun%202020.&text=1.7%20million%20%5B1.2%20million%E2%80%932.2 AIDS%2Drelated%20illnesses%20in%202019. 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