{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:46:41Z","timestamp":1779342401848,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>People living with HIV (PLWH) with low CD4 T\u2010cell counts may be at a higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) outcomes and in need of efficient vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends prioritizing PLHIV for COVID\u201019 vaccination. Data on immune responses after messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination in PLHIV in relation to CD4 counts are scarce. We aimed at assessing the humoral immune response in PLHIV after mRNA vaccination against COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined a cohort of PLHIV after prime (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a088) and boost (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a052) vaccination with BNT162b2. We assessed levels of anti\u2010severe acute respiratory syndrome\u00a0coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) spike (S) protein\u2010specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)\/IgA and circulating neutralizing antibodies in plasma and correlated results to the cellular immune status. BNT162b2\u2010vaccinated health care workers served as controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All PLWH had a viral load of \u2264\u00a0200 HIV\u20101 RNA copies\/mL and 96.5% had a viral load of &lt;\u00a050 copies\/mL. Anti\u2010S IgG and neutralizing antibody responses after BNT162b2 priming were significantly lower in PLHIV having a CD4:CD8 T\u2010cell ratio of &lt;\u00a00.5. However, we observed robust humoral immunity in the majority of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) irrespective of CD4 T\u2010cell nadir, current CD4 count or CD4:CD8 ratio after full BNT162b2 vaccination. Nevertheless, HIV\u2010negative controls produced significantly higher mean anti\u2010S IgG concentrations with less variability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of PLWH mounted robust responses after complete BNT162b2 vaccination but overall amounts of antibodies directed against the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 receptor\u2010binding domain were variable. The impact on clinical efficacy remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T07:16:07Z","timestamp":1635837367000},"page":"558-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Humoral immune response following prime and boost BNT162b2 vaccination in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Nils","family":"Jedicke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Metodi V.","family":"Stankov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Cossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7129-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dopfer\u2010Jablonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig  Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Knuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Ahrenstorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4835-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gema Morillas","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3111-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg M. N.","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover\u2010Braunschweig  Braunschweig Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM)  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5839","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","article-title":"Characterization of humoral and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV","volume":"12","author":"Alrubayyi A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"BertagnolioS ThwinSS SilvaR et al.Clinical features and prognostic factors of COVID\u201019 in people living with HIV hospitalized with suspected or confirmed SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. 11th IAS Conf HIV Sci.2021;(July):abstract PEBLB20."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102885"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"HIV and COVID\u201019: review of clinical course and outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Barbera LK","year":"2021","journal-title":"HIV Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30305-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"eabd7114","article-title":"Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID\u201019","volume":"5","author":"Kuri\u2010Cervantes L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa880"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00157-0"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV\u201019 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in HIV infection: a single\u2010arm substudy of a phase 2\/3 clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Frater J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00099-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01449-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants and human coronaviruses after single BNT162b2 vaccination","volume":"16","author":"Stankov MV","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.13202","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.13202","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.13202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T16:05:37Z","timestamp":1692979537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.13202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.13202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.13202","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}