{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:32:26Z","timestamp":1777044746831,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV\u2010associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) despite widespread use of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART). Vascular disease contributes to the pathogenesis of HAND, but traditional vascular risk factors do not fully explain the relation between vascular disease and HAND. A more direct measure of vascular dysfunction is needed. This cross\u2010sectional study tested whether the cardio\u2010ankle vascular index (CAVI), a novel method to assess arterial stiffness, is associated with HAND among PLWH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants included 75 non\u2010diabetic adults with well\u2010controlled HIV from an outpatient HIV clinic. We assessed the relation between CAVI and neurocognitive impairment (NCI). The latter was primarily characterized by the Frascati criteria and secondarily (post\u00a0hoc) using the Global Deficit Score (GDS). Logistic regression models tested whether high CAVI (\u2265\u00a08) was independently associated with NCI when controlling for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a045.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.3\u00a0years; 30.1% male) had few traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (hypertension, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07; dyslipidaemia, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a034; body mass index \u2265\u00a025 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012; smoking history, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013; 2.2% mean 10\u2010year risk of CVD or stroke). Twelve (16%) participants had high CAVI, which was independently associated with meeting Frascati criteria for NCI [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a039, odds ratio (OR) =\u00a07.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04], accounting for age, education, gender, income, CD4 nadir, recent CD4 and traditional CVD risk factors. High CAVI was also associated with NCI as reflected by higher GDS (OR =\u00a017.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardio\u2010ankle vascular index is a promising measure of vascular dysfunction that may be independently associated with NCI in relatively healthy PLWH. Larger studies should test the utility of CAVI in predicting NCI\/decline in PLWH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T08:38:50Z","timestamp":1638520730000},"page":"599-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cardio\u2010ankle vascular index of increased arterial wall stiffness is associated with neurocognitive impairment in well\u2010controlled HIV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Quanhathai","family":"Kaewpoowat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chiang Mai University Faculty of Medicine  Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Environmental \u2010 Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Center Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaraporn","family":"Rerkasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental \u2010 Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Center Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kittipan","family":"Rerkasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental \u2010 Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Center Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin\u00a0R.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7201-3247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Aita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saowaluck","family":"Yasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chiang Mai University Faculty of Medicine  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janejit","family":"Choovuthayakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chiang Mai University Faculty of Medicine  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somsanguan","family":"Ausayakhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chiang Mai University Faculty of Medicine  Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khuanchai","family":"Supparatpinyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Chiang Mai University Faculty of Medicine  Chiang Mai Thailand"},{"name":"Environmental \u2010 Occupational Health Sciences and Non Communicable Diseases Center Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai 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