{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:09:49Z","timestamp":1787062189376,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influence of inflammation on iron status among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) has not been well explored. We evaluated the trajectory of iron status among PLWHIV during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), compared alternative approaches for inflammation correction, and assessed the associations of iron status with HIV\u20101 viral load and anthropometric outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial among 400 adults initiating HAART in Tanzania. Ferritin and C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline, 1, 6 or 12\u2009months. Ferritin was considered in four ways: unadjusted, and adjusted for inflammation using higher cut\u2010off (HC), Thurnham\u2010corrected (TC) and regression\u2010corrected (RC) approaches. For unadjusted, TC and RC ferritin, iron deficiency (ID) was defined using ferritin &lt;\u200915\u2009\u03bcg\/L and elevated iron status was defined using ferritin &gt;\u2009150\u2009\u03bcg\/L among females and &gt;\u2009200\u2009\u03bcg\/L among males. For HC ferritin, elevated iron status was defined based on serum ferritin &gt;\u2009500\u2009\u03bcg\/L, while ID was defined using ferritin &lt;\u200970\u2009\u03bcg\/L in the presence of inflammation and &lt;\u200915\u2009\u03bcg\/L in the absence of inflammation. Regression models evaluated the trajectory of ferritin concentration across categories of baseline characteristics, and assessed the association of iron status with viral and anthropometric outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of iron deficiency at HAART initiation was 9% for unadjusted, 17% for HC, 12% for TC and 22% for RC ferritin. The prevalence of elevated iron status was 42% for unadjusted, 18% for HC, 31% for TC, and 15% for RC ferritin. The prevalence of iron deficiency for all three methods increased during the first year of HAART, while the prevalence of elevated iron status decreased. Baseline elevated iron status defined using HC ferritin was associated with a greater risk of HIV\u20101 viral load &gt;\u20091000 copies\/mL [relative risk (RR)\u00a0=\u20094.29, 95% CI: 1.38\u201313.3] and incidence of being underweight [body mass index (BMI) &lt;\u200918.5\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , hazard ratio (HR)\u00a0=\u20093.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38\u20139.67]. Neither baseline\u2010elevated iron status defined using TC or RC ferritin nor baseline iron deficiency defined using any of the three methods was associated with HIV\u20101 viral load or anthropometric outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whether and how inflammation correction is done influences findings of studies of iron status among PLWHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T21:14:10Z","timestamp":1662671650000},"page":"398-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Iron status among\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010infected adults during the first year of antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6632-613X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajibola Ibraheem","family":"Abioye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Sudfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Aboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfa","family":"Muhihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health (MDH)  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nzovu","family":"Ulenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Development for Health (MDH)  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tumaini J.","family":"Nagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Mugusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaie W.","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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