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Spearman correlation and linear mixed models assessed the relationships between the trajectory of CD4\/CD8 ratio over time and neurocognitive performance, blood and CSF markers of immune activation and neuronal injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 109 PHI participants were enrolled. The mean CD4\/CD8 ratio decreased with longer time from infection to starting treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Every unit increase in NPZ4 score was independently associated with a 0.15 increase in CD4\/CD8 ratio (95% CI: 0.002\u20130.29; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.047), whereas no correlation was found between CD4\/CD8 ratio and NPZ11.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Among the cognitive domains, only a change in processing speed was correlated with CD4\/CD8 ratio over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). The trajectory of the CD4\/CD8 ratio was negatively correlated with change in CSF neurofilament light chain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The trajectory of CD4\/CD8 ratio was independently associated with motor\/psychomotor speed performance, suggesting that immune activation is involved in brain injury during the early stages of the infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T11:44:53Z","timestamp":1663847093000},"page":"442-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Correlation between <scp>CD4<\/scp>\/<scp>CD8<\/scp> ratio and neurocognitive performance during early <scp>HIV<\/scp> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Leah 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