{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T09:07:57Z","timestamp":1770628077908,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>People living with HIV have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although coronary endothelial function (CEF) is an early direct indicator of CVD, only a few studies have been able to interrogate CEF directly. Most studies have examined vascular endothelial function through indirect assessment of brachial flow\u2010mediated dilatation (FMD). However, peripheral arteries are significantly larger and manifest atherogenesis differently from the coronary arteries, and so produce conflicting results. Additionally, none of these studies focused on young adults who acquired HIV perinatally or in early childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study investigates CEF in a unique population of young adults with lifelong HIV using direct magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of coronary FMD (corFMD) with an in\u2010house developed MRI\u2010integrated isometric handgrip exercise system with continuous feedback and monitoring mechanisms (fmIHE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young adults who acquired HIV perinatally or in early childhood (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923) and group\u2010matched healthy participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) completed corFMD\u2010MRI with fmIHE. CorFMD was measured as the coronary cross\u2010sectional area response to the fmIHE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In univariable and multivariable regression analysis, HIV status was a significant risk modifier. CD8+ T\u2010cell count and smoking pack\u2010years and their interaction with HIV status were independently associated with impaired coronary artery response to fmIHE. In people living with HIV, corFMD was significantly inversely correlated with CD8+ T\u2010cells and smoking pack\u2010years. In a multivariable regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index, CD8+ T\u2010cells and smoking and their interaction with HIV status remained significant independent predictors of coronary endothelial dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this unique population of young adults, HIV status was a significant risk modifier, and immune activation and smoking were associated with decreased CEF, directly measured from the coronary vascular response to fmIHE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Management of CVD risk factors such as smoking and developing strategies that target immune activation in people living with HIV are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T01:35:56Z","timestamp":1680226556000},"page":"818-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The role of <scp>HIV<\/scp> as a risk modifier for coronary endothelial function in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1001-1702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled Z.","family":"Abd\u2010Elmoniem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Metabolic Imaging Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teja","family":"Yeramosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH  Bethesda Maryland 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