{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:13:49Z","timestamp":1747185229147,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To update nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance rates and describe the frequency of HIV subtypes in a cohort of pregnant people living with HIV (PPLH) at a national Prevention of Mother\u2010To\u2010Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated genotypic resistance among PPLH during prenatal care who were antiretroviral therapy\u2010na\u00efve or experienced. We determined mutations by the Surveillance of Drug Resistance Mutations (SDRM) dataset and also focused on studying participants with intermediate or high resistance defined through the Stanford score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2018 to 2021, 1170 PPLH received prenatal care at the centre and 550 were genotyped. Among the 295 SDRMs, with respect to NRTI resistance mutations, there were 27\/295 (9.2%) M184V\/I, 14\/295 (4.7%) T215Y\/C\/D\/E\/F\/V\/I\/S and 12\/295 (4.1%) M41L. For NNRTI, there were 75\/295 (25.4%) K103N, 18\/295 (6.1%) M230L and 14\/295 (4.7%) G190A\/E\/S mutations. For PI, the most frequent mutations were 13\/295 (4.4%) V82A\/S\/F\/T, 12\/295 (4.1%) M46I\/L and 10\/295 (3.4%) D30N. Based on the Stanford score, 36\/224 (16%) na\u00efve participants had one or more antiretroviral resistance mutations, 81% of whom had NNRTI resistance. In the treatment\u2010experience group, 108\/326 (33%) had one or more mutations, 91% of whom had NNRTI resistance. The most frequent HIV subtype was B (82.5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that continuous surveys of HIV genotype appear to be important tools to map the distribution and evolution of HIV subtypes and resistance to provide information to support treatment policies. Furthermore, concerns about the use of rilpivirine\u2010containing regimens underscore the importance of resistance surveillance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T03:38:36Z","timestamp":1683257916000},"page":"1020-1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resistance rates among antiretroviral regimens in pregnant people living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Maria Isabel Fragoso","family":"da Silveira Gouv\u00eaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"de Lourdes Benamor Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevon","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"University of California Los Angeles Institute of the Environment and Sustainability  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Clara Mac\u00eado Pinheiro","family":"Sodr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana 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Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Amorim","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Unit Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wallace","family":"Mendes\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Unit Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christianne","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Jundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro 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Federal dos Servidores do Estado  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"HIV Indicator Registry","year":"2022","author":"The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS)","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab744"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414562477"},{"volume-title":"HIV Drug Resistance Report","year":"2021","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1"},{"volume-title":"Clinical Protocol and Treatment Guidelines for the Management of HIV Infection in Adults","year":"2018","author":"Brazilian Ministry of Health","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Trends in a cohort of HIV\u2010infected pregnant women 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