{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:34:45Z","timestamp":1789450485370,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>At present, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the mainstay for the treatment of people living with HIV\/AIDS. cART can suppress the viral load to a minimal level; however, the possibility of the emergence of full\u2010blown AIDS is always there. In the latter part of the first decade of the 21st century, an HIV\u2010positive person received stem cell transplantation (SCT) for treatment of his haematological malignancy. The patient was able to achieve remission of the haematological condition as well as of HIV following SCT. Thorough investigations of various samples including blood and biopsy could not detect the virus in the person's body. The person was declared to be the first cured case of HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Literature search<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the next decade, a few more similar cases were observed and have recently been declared cured of the infection. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. Four such additional cases were found in literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Description &amp; Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These cases all share a common proposed mechanism for the HIV cure, that is, transplantation of stem cells from donors carrying a homozygous mutation in a gene encoding for CCR5 (receptor utilized by HIV for entry into the host cell), denoted as CCR5\u25b332. This mutation makes the host immune cells devoid of CCR5, causing the host to acquire resistance against HIV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to look at relevant and updated information of all cured cases of HIV as well as the related landmarks in history and discusses the underlying mechanism(s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T06:05:41Z","timestamp":1697090741000},"page":"322-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<scp>HIV<\/scp> cure: Are we going to make history?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7684-0925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuvasree","family":"Payra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7351-9474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Manjhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3072-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shruti","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6274-7124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1208-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0218-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vikas","family":"Maharshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Patna India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2014.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10606820212135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(20)30234\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010021\u201001590\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(98)22001\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Health.Office of AIDS Research. Letters from the Director: Remembering Timothy Ray Brown: A Champion for HIV Cure Research.2022Accessed June 29 2023.https:\/\/www.oar.nih.gov\/about\/directors-corner\/letters-director-remembering-timothy-ray-brown-champion-hiv-cure-research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"HighleymanL.California Man Appears to be another Person Cured of HIV after a Stem Cell Transplant.Aidsmap.2022Accessed June 29 2023.https:\/\/www.aidsmap.com\/news\/aug\u20102022\/california\u2010man\u2010appears\u2010be\u2010another\u2010person\u2010cured\u2010hiv\u2010after\u2010stem\u2010cell\u2010transplant#:~:text=At%20the%20time%20of%20his%20death%20in%20September%202020%2C%20duetransplant%20to%20treat%20Hodgkin%20lymphoma"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802905"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910\u2010015\u20100013\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2014.0224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"The Wister Institute.\u201cThe London Patient\u201d Adam Castillejo Speaks at William Way Community Center to Spread Hope for a Future HIV Cure.2022Accessed June 29 2023.https:\/\/wistar.org\/news\/press\u2010releases\/london\u2010patient\u2010adam\u2010castillejo\u2010speaks\u2010william\u2010way\u2010community\u2010center\u2010spread\u2010hope"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"MariaC.Medical News Today.2nd Person Cured of HIV Thanks to Stem Cell Transplant.2020Accessed June 29 2023).https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/2nd\u2010person\u2010cured\u2010of\u2010hiv\u2010thanks\u2010to\u2010stem\u2010cell\u2010transplant#Success\u2010of\u2010stem\u2010cell\u2010transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101027\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(20)30069\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Woman potentially cured of HIV using transplant with cord blood stem cells.National Institutes of Health.2023Accessed June 29 2023.https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/news\u2010events\/nih\u2010research\u2010matters\/mixed\u2010race\u2010woman\u2010potentially\u2010cured\u2010hiv\u2010using\u2010stem\u2010cell\u2010transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"First case of HIV cure in a woman after stem cell transplantation reported at CROI\u20102022. WHO\u2013HIV Cure 2022. Accessed June 30 2023.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/24\u201003\u20102022\u2010first\u2010case\u2010of\u2010hiv\u2010cure\u2010in\u2010a\u2010woman\u2010after\u2010stem\u2010cell\u2010transplantation\u2010reported\u2010at\u2010croi\u20102022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"MastroianniB.How a 4th person was \u2018cured\u2019 of HIV after stem cell treatments. Healthline Media LLC.2023Accessed July 04 2023.https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/how-a-4th-person-was-cured-of-hiv-after-stem-cell-treatments"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","article-title":"After transplant, City of Hope patient in long\u2010term remission from HIV and leukemia","author":"Caffrey M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","article-title":"California man known as \u2018City of hope patient\u2019 comes forward, 1 of 5 cured of HIV worldwide","author":"Sasic E","year":"2023","journal-title":"USA Today Network"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"JohnsonK.Fourth Patient Cleared of HIV After Stem Cell Transplant for Blood Cancer. Medscape Medical News.2022Accessed July 05 2023.https:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/978169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010023\u201002213\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"LoreenCG.Willenberg's HIV seems to have disappeared. Is this good news for the rest of us?2020Accessed July 05 2023.https:\/\/www.aidsmap.com\/news\/sep\u20102020\/loreen\u2010willenbergs\u2010hiv\u2010seems\u2010have\u2010disappeared\u2010good\u2010news\u2010rest\u2010us"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102651\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M21\u20104336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"HierroL.Doctors awed at \u2018unique\u2019 patient who has been living HIV\u2010free for over 15\u2009years without medication. EL PAIS. Science & Tech.2022Accessed July 06 2023.https:\/\/english.elpais.com\/science\u2010tech\/2022\u201007\u201029\/a\u2010barcelona\u2010patient\u2010has\u2010been\u2010living\u2010hiv\u2010free\u2010for\u2010over\u201015\u2010years\u2010without\u2010medication.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"4 life 4me+.A Woman from Barcelona Is Still in Remission from HIV 15\u2009Years after Stopping Treatment.2022Accessed July 07 2023.https:\/\/life4me.plus\/en\/news\/barcelona-hiv-remission-9110\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2014.15535"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1413931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(13)61409\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201008311\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(15)00232\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.816515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0397\u2010338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14\u20101027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2013.14324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","unstructured":"HighleymanL.First person may be cured of HIV after stem cell transplant without CCR5 mutation. Nam Aidsmap News.2023Accessed September 14 2023.https:\/\/www.aidsmap.com\/news\/jul\u20102023\/first\u2010person\u2010may\u2010be\u2010cured\u2010hiv\u2010after\u2010stem\u2010cell\u2010transplant\u2010without\u2010ccr5\u2010mutation#:~:text=A%20man%20dubbed%20the%20%27Genevaprevents%20HIV%20from%20entering%20cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1405805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32835ef0a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12080885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","volume-title":"Stat Pearls","author":"Justiz Vaillant AA","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010023\u201001514\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(20)30117\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102567.2012.03592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2019000056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a007179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102011\u201010\u2010381996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201058696\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742\u20104690\u20108\u201097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/L21\u20100297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021563"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00474\u201015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","article-title":"The \u2018London Patient,\u2019 cured of H.I.V., reveals his identity","author":"Mandavilli A","year":"2020","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","article-title":"The London Patient: \u2018I feel like I won the lottery: I have been cured of two incurable diseases\u2019 Ediciones el pa\u00eds","author":"Mouzo J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","article-title":"The \u201cCity of Hope\u201d patient: Prolonged HIV\u20101 remission without antiretrovirals (ART) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHCT) of CCR5\u2010?32\/?32 donor cells for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)","author":"Dickter J","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-169223"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.13557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T07:16:48Z","timestamp":1709623008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.13557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.13557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.13557","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}