{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:26:16Z","timestamp":1775064376036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predictors of COVID\u201019 severity in this cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID\u201019 in central and eastern Europe. We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV characteristics and COVID\u201019 presentation and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of the study cohort were male (76.4%) and 152 (28.3%) had a significant medical comorbidity. Median CD4 cell count at COVID\u201019 diagnosis was 605 cells\/\u03bcL [interquartile range (IQR) 409\u2013824]. The majority of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were virally suppressed (92%). In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count &lt;350 cells\/\u03bcL was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and respiratory failure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses found that an undetectable HIV VL was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), respiratory failure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), ICU admission or death (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and with a higher chance of full recovery (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We can conclude that detectable HIV viral load was an independent risk factor for severe COVID\u201019 illness and can be used as a prognostic indicator in this cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T14:54:23Z","timestamp":1701183263000},"page":"343-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HIV disease metrics and COVID\u201019 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9581-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Oprea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases  Bucharest Romania"},{"name":"Carol Davila University for Medicine and Pharmacy  Bucharest Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1260-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobhan","family":"Quirke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Galway University Hospital  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Ianache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases  Bucharest 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I.","family":"Vassilenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Fund Grant Management Department Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies  Minsk Belarus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kersti","family":"Aimla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tartu University Hospital  Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimonda","family":"Matulionyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Rukhadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Center  Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjan","family":"Harxhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital 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