{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T11:03:34Z","timestamp":1761563014338,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comorbidity of Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Graves' disease (GD) in treated HIV\u2010infected individuals has rarely been described and little study has been done on the link between HIV\u2010related immune reconstitution and autoimmune diseases occurring post antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we report on a 33\u2010year\u2010old Chinese man with HIV infection who had been virologically suppressed since 2018. The patient was diagnosed with GD and was treated in 2020. Early in 2022, he developed fluctuating weakness and fatigue involving the bilateral extraocular muscles and limbs. With a positive neostigmine test, he was considered to have MG, but showed a poor response to oral medication. After multiple failed medication attempts, a thymectomy was finally performed to resolve his symptoms. The consecutive onset of immunological events may have partially resulted from immune reconstitution after viral control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a rare case of HIV\u2010related immune reconstitution\u2010associated autoimmune disease (IRAD) with comorbidity of MG and GD which was reported initially. Cooperation with multidisciplinary teams is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and to promote the overall health of HIV\u2010infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T23:58:24Z","timestamp":1700783904000},"page":"398-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comorbidity of Myasthenia gravis and Graves' disease as immune reconstitution\u2010associated autoimmune disease in <scp>HIV<\/scp> infection: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lianfeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baotong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen: Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing 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