{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:22:23Z","timestamp":1786479743999,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed the impact of a nationwide screening programme to reduce the risk of anal cancer in a large cohort of high\u2010risk patients with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a large database from one referral centre, all high\u2010risk patients with HIV (men who have sex with men, history of anal or genital warts, or previous cervix human papillomavirus\u2010related lesions) who were eligible to enter the French anal cancer screening programme (2011\u20132020) were retrospectively included. Adherence to the screening programme was defined as no interval &gt;18\u2009months between two visits. Standardized management included perianal visualization and standard anoscopy with biopsies of macroscopic abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 700 patients with HIV were included (median follow\u2010up 8.4\u2009years [interquartile range 4.3\u20139.2] and 1491.6 patient\u2010years), and 336\u2009had one or more proctology visit. A total of 13 patients were diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinomas. The risk of anal cancer was higher with anal intra\u2010epithelial neoplasia grade 3 (AIN3; hazard ratio [HR] 44.5 [95% confidence interval {CI} 11.2\u2013176.6], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), AIN2 (HR 11.9 [95% CI 2.1\u201366.9], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), or high\u2010grade dysplasia (HR 23.4 [95% CI 7.9\u201369.1], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than with low\u2010grade dysplasia or no lesion. Among the patients who were strictly adherent to the screening programme (4.6% [32\/700]), we did not report any AIN or anal cancer, but we also did not observe any significant reduction in the risk of anal cancer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.51), AIN3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.28), high\u2010grade dysplasia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.19), or any AIN lesions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.10) compared with non\u2010adherent patients. In contrast, screened patients were more likely to be diagnosed with anal warts (HR 3.71 [95% CI 2.14\u20136.42], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macroscopic high\u2010grade dysplasia lesions are associated with a higher risk of developing anal cancer. Despite finding no cases of cancer during the screening programme, we also did not demonstrate a clear benefit from our screening programme for the prevention of anal cancer in high\u2010risk patients with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T09:40:25Z","timestamp":1701337225000},"page":"454-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of screening programme to prevent anal cancer in high\u2010risk patients with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Elo\u00efse","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, 3iHP, CHU Clermont\u2010Ferrand, Service d'H\u00e9pato\u2010Gastroent\u00e9rologie  Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Jacomet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont\u2010Ferrand, Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales  Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Siproudhis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, INSERM, CIC1414, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer)  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Abramowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro\u2010ent\u00e9rologie et proctologie, h\u00f4pital Bichat, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont\u2010Ferrand, DRCI, Unit\u00e9 de Biostatistiques  Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6347-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Buisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, 3iHP, CHU Clermont\u2010Ferrand, Service d'H\u00e9pato\u2010Gastroent\u00e9rologie  Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC\u2010INRA 2018  Clermont\u2010Ferrand 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