{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:38:45Z","timestamp":1789501125926,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify sexual\/sex\u2010associated risk factors for hepatitis C transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) and visualise behavioural trajectories from 2019 to 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We linked a behavioural survey to a hepatitis C cohort study (NoCo), established in 2019 across six German HIV\/hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment centres, and performed a case\u2013control analysis. Cases were MSM with recent HCV infection, and controls were matched for HIV status (model 1) or proportions of sexual partners with HIV (model 2). We conducted conditional univariable and multivariable regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 197 cases and 314 controls completed the baseline questionnaire and could be matched with clinical data. For regression models, we restricted cases to those with HCV diagnosed since 2018 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009100). Factors independently associated with case status included sex\u2010associated rectal bleeding, shared fisting lubricant, anal douching, chemsex, intravenous and intracavernosal injections, with population\u2010attributable fractions of 88% (model 1) and 85% (model 2). These factors remained stable over time among cases, while sexual partner numbers and group sex decreased during COVID\u201019 measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexual\/sex\u2010associated practices leading to blood exposure are key factors in HCV transmission in MSM. Public health interventions should emphasize the importance of blood safety in sexual encounters. Micro\u2010elimination efforts were temporarily aided by reduced opportunities for sexual encounters during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T05:34:07Z","timestamp":1716874447000},"page":"976-989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Still trouble with bleeding: Risk factors for <scp>HCV<\/scp> transmission in men who have sex with men and behavioural trajectories from 2019 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6910-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel Jeremias","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sigma Research, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4950-6163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Weatherburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sigma Research, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1844-7156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Work and Social Psychology Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infektiologikum  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knud","family":"Schewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICH Studycenter  Hamburg 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partner\u2010site Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-3888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen K.","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I University of Bonn  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner\u2010site Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases  M\u00fcnster Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ingiliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectiology  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Hepatology Department Henri Mondor Hospital, INSERM U955  Cr\u00e9teil 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