{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:58:47Z","timestamp":1784699927245,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this analysis was to investigate the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection on the risk of HIV viral rebound (VR) after achieving suppression for the first time following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the real\u2010world setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients living with HIV (PLWH) who were enrolled in the ICONA Foundation Study cohort and achieved viral suppression \u226450 copies\/mL for the first time after starting ART were prospectively evaluated and divided in three exposure groups according to serology test results: (a) HIV\u2010monoinfected; (b) HIV\u2010positive\/HBcAb\u2010positive\/HBsAg\u2010negative; (c) HIV\u2010positive\/HBsAg\u2010positive. The occurrence of VR, defined as two consecutive HIV\u2010RNA values &gt;50 copies\/mL after achieving viral suppression for the first time (baseline), was investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Standard survival analysis by means of Kaplan\u2013Meier curves and Cox regression analysis with the serology exposure fitted as a time\u2010fixed covariate measured at baseline was employed after controlling for key confounding factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of a total of 5657 patients included, 4090 (72%) were HIV\u2010monoinfected, 1342 (23.7%)were HBcAb\u2010positive, and 225 (3.9%) were HbsAg\u2010positive coinfected. Overall, 654 (11.5%) PLWH experienced VR\u2009&gt;\u200950 copies\/mL during follow\u2010up. After controlling for all sources of measured confounding, coinfected PLWH showed an increased risk of experiencing VR compared with those who were HIV\u2010monoinfected. In particular, the strongest associations were seen for the HIV\/HBsAg\u2010positive participants [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) =\u20091.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03\u20132.38, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037] but an excess of risk was also seen in those who were HIV\u2010positive\/HBcAb\u2010positive\/HBsAg\u2010negative (aHR\u2009=\u20091.25, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.55, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coinfection with HBV seems to have an impact on the probability of maintaining HIV viral suppression achieved for the first time after ART initiation. Of note, even PLWH positive for HBcAb, a marker of inactive HBV infection, appeared to be at higher risk of VR compared with those who were HIV\u2010monoinfected and their HIV\u2010RNA should be carefully monitored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T02:39:25Z","timestamp":1717555165000},"page":"1101-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between markers of hepatitis B virus infection and risk of virological rebound in people with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6561-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Malagnino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome 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