{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T12:07:28Z","timestamp":1786450048540,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008899","name":"University of South Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI170159\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI170159\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with HIV might be at an increased risk of long COVID (LC) because of their immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation and alterations in immunological responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID\u201019]). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between HIV infection and LC and the prevalence and characteristics of and risk factors for LC among people with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple databases, including Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts, were searched to identify articles published before June 2023. Published articles were included if they presented at least one LC outcome measure among people with HIV and used quantitative or mixed\u2010methods study designs. For effects reported in three or more studies, meta\u2010analyses using random\u2010effects models were performed using R software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We pooled 39\u2009405 people with HIV and COVID\u201019 in 17 eligible studies out of 6158 publications in all the databases. It was estimated that 52% of people with HIV with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection developed at least one LC symptom. Results from the random\u2010effects model showed that HIV infection was associated with an increased risk of LC (odds ratio\u20092.20; 95% confidence interval 1.25\u20133.86). The most common LC symptoms among people with HIV were cough, fatigue, and asthenia. Risk factors associated with LC among people with HIV included a history of moderate\u2013severe COVID\u201019 illness, increased interferon\u2010gamma\u2010induced protein 10 or tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, and decreased interferon\u2010\u03b2, among others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic continues to exacerbate health inequities among people with HIV because of their higher risk of developing LC. Our review is informative for public health and clinical communities to develop tailored strategies to prevent aggravated LC among people with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T07:51:17Z","timestamp":1725954677000},"page":"6-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Long <scp>COVID<\/scp> among people with <scp>HIV<\/scp>: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueying","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"},{"name":"South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality  Columbia SC USA"},{"name":"University 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