{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T12:12:27Z","timestamp":1782907947391,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020013","name":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to HIV\u2010negative individuals. We sought to evaluate the adherence to medications for CVD in PWH and identify factors associated with non\u2010adherence to these medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust between 16 April 2019 and 8 November 2022. We recruited consecutive PWH, who were attending a routine follow\u2010up outpatient appointment and were prescribed at least one medication for CVD. In addition, we included urinary adherence results of patients with samples collected as part of routine clinical care. We used liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) to assess if their prescribed medications (antihypertensives, diuretics, beta\u2010blockers, lipid\u2010lowering agents, antiplatelets, anticoagulants, antidiabetic medications) were present in the participant's urine sample. Multivariable models were used to identify demographic or clinical features that were associated with non\u2010adherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 162 PWH were included in the analysis. Median age was 55 [interquartile range (IQR): 50\u201361] years, 63% were male, average time living with HIV was 15\u2009years (IQR: 11\u201319) and the majority (98%) had an undetectable HIV viral load. In approximately one\u2010third of patients (59\/162), at least one prescribed medication of interest was not detected in urine. Non\u2010adherence to lipid\u2010lowering agents was common (35\/88, 40%). On multivariable logistic regression, the number of prescribed cardiovascular medications, was associated with medication non\u2010adherence [medication non\u2010adherence, per one medication increase: adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) =\u20091.78 (1.34\u20132.36);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found sub\u2010optimal adherence to medications for CVD in PWH. In order to maximize the clinical benefit of statin therapy in PWH, factors requiring consideration include: improved medication adherence, awareness of polypharmacy, educational interventions and quantitative assessment of sub\u2010optimal adherence through chemical adherence testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T05:31:18Z","timestamp":1727155878000},"page":"1330-1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cardiovascular medication adherence testing in patients living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    : A single\u2010centre observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Nazareth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and HIV Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Development Centre for Population Health University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayobami","family":"Adebayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and HIV Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Fahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and HIV Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanfa","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and HIV Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester 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A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and HIV Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Development Centre for Population Health University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatinder S.","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Cerebral Haemodynamics in Ageing and Stroke Medicine (CHiASM) Research Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester 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