{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:14:16Z","timestamp":1747185256877,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our objective was to evaluate antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescription rates over time among US Medicare enrolees with HIV and to describe disparities in ART prescription and associated factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We constructed successive cross\u2010sectional cohorts including adult enrollees with HIV and fee\u2010for\u2010service coverage and Part D enrolment in US Medicare between 2007 and 2019. We calculated the percentage of receipt of any ART prescription (ART%) in a calendar year by sex, age, and original Medicare entitlement and calculated age\u2013sex standardized ART% over time. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between ART prescription and sociodemographic factors and chronic conditions by age strata (&lt;65, \u226565\u2009years) in 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ART% increased over time and was highest among people with HIV aged 50\u201364\u2009years in 2019: 95% in males and 92% in females. Multivariable analysis showed that female sex was associated with less ART%, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60\u20130.70) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.30\u20130.39), than male sex in those aged &lt;65 and \u226565\u2009years, respectively. The youngest and oldest enrollees had lower ART use (e.g., OR 0.43 [95% CI 0.34\u20130.54] for 18\u201329 vs. 50\u201364\u2009years; OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.30\u20130.39] for \u226580 vs. 65\u201369\u2009years). The top conditions associated with less ART included dementia and alcohol use disorder. Other factors included no Part D low\u2010income subsidy, non\u2010Hispanic white race, and Midwest residence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ART use increased over time in US Medicare enrollees. Non\u2010Hispanic white, female, and the youngest and oldest enrollees received less ART. Multimorbidity, substance use, and dementia were associated with less ART use. Research to overcome these disparities is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T04:34:02Z","timestamp":1732595642000},"page":"415-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends and disparities in antiretroviral therapy prescription rates among US Medicare beneficiaries with <scp>HIV<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1659-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Data Science University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)  Galveston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Fang","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Data Science University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)  Galveston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley A.","family":"Dike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Sealy School of Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsola","family":"Efejuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7460-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukaila A.","family":"Raji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbey B.","family":"Berenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)  Galveston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB)  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas Developmental Center for AIDS Research  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.HIV surveillance report: diagnoses deaths and prevalence of HIV in the United States and 6 territories and freely associated states 2022. Accessed July 3 2024.https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/156509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/evidoa2200302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1213734"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents.Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV\u20101\u2010Infected Adults and Adolescents.Department of Health and Human Services. 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