{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T18:20:38Z","timestamp":1783189238798,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on the dynamics of HIV\u2010DNA and immune profiles under treatment with long\u2010acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine (LACR) are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively enrolled people living with HIV who initiated LACR in our centre and assessed changes in HIV\u2010DNA levels (measured by digital droplet PCR), as well as immune activated, senescent, exhausted, and regulatory T and B cells (analysed by flow cytometry), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from baseline (T0) to 48\u2009weeks of treatment (T5). Bivariate analyses, one\u2010way repeated measures ANOVA and mixed ANOVA were conducted to assess differences in characteristics and biomarker changes over time between individuals switching to LACR from a dual (Group A) or triple (Group B) antiretroviral regimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 71 persons were included (77.5% males, median age of 48\u2009years). Overall, HIV\u2010DNA levels exhibited a slight non\u2010significant decrease, whereas activated CD8 cells decreased significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Proportions of activated CD4 and regulatory T cells showed strong negative trends, but decreases did not reach statistical significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002 and 0.005). The dynamics of these markers within the two subgroups mirrored those of the entire cohort, with some differences. At baseline, Group A tended to exhibit higher levels of HIV\u2010DNA (96 [31\u2013160] vs. 41 [6\u201393] copies\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> PBMC, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.088), and activated CD4 (% activated CD4 cells: 2.3 [1\u20132.9] vs. 1 [0.7\u20132], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.154) and CD8 cells (% activated CD8 cells: 4.9 [2.2\u20135.8] vs. 2.2 [1.2\u20133.5], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023) than Group B. Over the 48\u2010week treatment period, HIV\u2010DNA levels decreased slightly in both groups, remaining higher in Group A. At the end of the 48\u2010week treatment period, the decrease of activated CD4 and CD8 cells was more pronounced in Group A than in Group B, ultimately reaching comparable levels between the two groups (% of activated CD4 cells: 0.9 [0.6\u20131.9] vs. 0.7 [0.6\u20131.1], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.502): % of CD8 activated cells: (2 [1.3\u20132.5] vs. 1.6 [0.9\u20132.2], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.278).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the first year of treatment, LACR does not significantly impact the HIV reservoir. However,\u00a0it may reduce immune activation, particularly in persons switching from a dual therapy regimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T12:33:37Z","timestamp":1746189217000},"page":"940-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immune profiles and <scp>HIV<\/scp> reservoir in people switching to long\u2010acting cabotegravir\/rilpivirine: Findings from a real\u2010life prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0263-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Mazzitelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit Padua University Hospital  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria 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