{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:43:47Z","timestamp":1792449827000,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000805","name":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge of HIV prevention among healthcare workers, such as undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U), post\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can hold implications for patient care and the HIV epidemic. Understanding the level of knowledge about HIV prevention among healthcare workers can provide information to enhance the effectiveness and equity of HIV prevention, treatment and care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online survey was conducted to collect data on HIV knowledge among clinical and non\u2010clinical healthcare workers in 54 countries in Europe and Central Asia between September and December of 2023. Knowledge was measured using questions asking respondents to agree or disagree with correct statements about HIV transmission and prevention. Four main outcome variables assessed knowledge among healthcare workers about U=U, PrEP, PEP and a combined outcome measuring overall knowledge level. Fixed\u2010effects logistic and Poisson regression models assessed whether sociodemographic factors, professional characteristics and experiences with people living with HIV were associated with knowledge about these topics. Additionally, we assessed the impact of having ever received training on infection control and training on HIV stigma and discrimination on healthcare workers' knowledge of U=U, PEP and PrEP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 18\u2009348 healthcare workers, correct knowledge of U=U was reported by 61.25%, PEP by 55.70% and PrEP by 40.74%. A composite of correct knowledge across all topics was achieved by 31.29% of participants. Key sociodemographic and professional determinants influencing increased knowledge included being a man, of younger age and a medical doctor. Increased knowledge was also associated with having more experience caring for people with HIV, including working in an HIV care or infectious diseases department, and having cared for a higher number of people living with HIV in the past year. Having ever received training on infection control that included PEP and training on HIV stigma and discrimination was associated with increased knowledge in all areas. Across all determinants, respondents living in Western Europe reported higher knowledge about biomedical HIV prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial knowledge gaps in HIV prevention were found among healthcare workers in Europe and Central Asia. Suboptimal knowledge and sociodemographic and professional differences warrant targeted training initiatives and interventions for improving healthcare workers' knowledge of HIV. The non\u2010representative nature of the sample limits the generalizability of the findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T06:31:44Z","timestamp":1747722704000},"page":"1224-1238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Knowledge about biomedical\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    prevention among healthcare workers: A cross\u2010sectional study in Europe and Central Asia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8831-1684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Mendez\u2010Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Deogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1449-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine E. A.","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Simoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coalition Plus  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MPACT Global  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"del Amo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for HIV, STI, Viral Hepatitis and Tuberculosis Ministry of Health  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sini","family":"Pasanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Positiiviset ry, HivFinland  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion Research Centre School of Health Sciences, University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Verluyten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Bhagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6911-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednic\u2010IDIBAPS University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teymur","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the HIV knowledge and attitudes in Europe and Central Asia study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Global AIDS Strategy 2021\u20132026. End inequalities. End AIDS","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"HIV and stigma and discrimination","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(19)30030\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07900-y"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","article-title":"Stigma impedes HIV prevention by stifling patient\u2013provider communication about U=U","volume":"23","author":"Calabrese SK","year":"2020","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1271-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.3.18734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666\u20107568(22)00003\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"HIV Prevention 2025 Roadmap: Getting on track to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Pathways to Achieving the Global 10\u201310\u201310 HIV Targets","author":"United Nations Development Programme","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61127-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00238-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832b7dca"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(18)30132\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1600693"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in MSM couples with suppressive ART: the PARTNER2 study extended results in gay men","volume":"21","author":"Rodger A","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intern AIDS Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"HIV stigma in the healthcare setting: measuring HIV knowledge and attitudes in the healthcare setting. 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