{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:24:14Z","timestamp":1792121054405,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The provision of highly active anti\u2010retroviral therapy has improved outcomes for people with HIV, worldwide. There are few data on trends and changes in the cause of death among people with HIV in the United Kingdom since its advent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed deaths in people attending HIV services at Royal Free Hospital London between 2006 and 2023. Cause of death was categorized using the CoDe protocol. Analysis included description of demographics over time, HIV\u2010specific metrics (late diagnoses, AIDS\u2010defining illnesses) and aspects related to HIV treatment and trends in non\u2010AIDS\u2010related causes of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 529 deaths, 79.8% were male. Cause of death was non\u2010AIDS\u2010defining malignancy 21.4%, non\u2010AIDS\u2010defining infection 12.1%, AIDS\u2010defining infection 11.2%, AIDS\u2010defining malignancy 7.8%, self\u2010harm 9.3%, cardiovascular 8.3%, liver 2.8%, respiratory 2.6%, other 7.2% and unknown 17.4%. Comparing 2006\u20132011 and 2018\u20132023, the proportion of those dying from AIDS\u2010defining infection and malignancy fell from 13.8% to 7.1%, and from 13.8% to 3.1%, respectively; median age at death increased from 44.9\u2009years (interquartile range [IQR] 39.7\u201352.4) to 58.0 (IQR 52.0\u201367.7):\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and median interval between HIV diagnosis and death increased from 8.5\u2009years (IQR 2.9\u201314.0) to 19.1 (IQR 11.8\u201326.1):\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2006 and 2023, there was a significant increase in median age at death and in the interval between HIV diagnosis and death. The proportion of deaths associated with AIDS\u2010defining infection and malignancy fell, while non\u2010AIDS\u2010defining infection, malignancy and deaths from self\u2010harm increased. These data suggest that focusing on earlier diagnosis, holistic clinical management and support for mitigating modifiable lifestyle risk factors including cancer screening and mental health services could result in improved outcomes and reduce preventable deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T01:43:01Z","timestamp":1749087781000},"page":"1258-1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Causes of death in people living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    from a North London cohort between 2006 and 2023: A descriptive analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5665-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda Cheyenne","family":"Vaccari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Services Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3125-6378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien K.","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Services Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Hazell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Services Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Services Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9105-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona M.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Services Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2067-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert F.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Services Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency.HIV testing PrEP new HIV diagnoses and care outcomes for people accessing HIV services: 2023 report. Accessed January 13 2025.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/hiv\u2010annual\u2010data\u2010tables\/hiv\u2010testing\u2010prep\u2010new\u2010hiv\u2010diagnoses\u2010and\u2010care\u2010outcomes\u2010for\u2010people\u2010accessing\u2010hiv\u2010services\u20102023\u2010report"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12761"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"CroxfordS MillerRF PostFA et al.Mortality among people with HIV in the UK in 2019: findings from the first year of the PHE\/BHIVA National HIV Mortality Review. Accessed January 13 2025.https:\/\/www.bhiva.org\/file\/60813052e7a07\/P029-poster.pdf.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency.HIV surveillance systems. Accessed January 13 2025.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/hiv-surveillance-systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(16)30020-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Centre of Excellence for Health Immunity and Infections.Coding causes of death in HIV protocol. Accessed January 13 2025.https:\/\/chip.dk\/Resources\/Tools-Standards\/CoDe\/Documents"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Gov.UK.New HIV diagnoses AIDS deaths and people in care in England data tables. Updated October 1 2024. Accessed March 30 2025.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/hiv-annual-data-tables"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics.Statistical bulletin. Deaths registered in England and Wales: 2022. Accessed 13 January 2025.https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/birthsdeathsandmarriages\/deaths\/bulletins\/deathsregistrationsummarytables\/2022#:~:text=1.\u2010 Main%20points last%20the%20case%20in%201981"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Suicide among people diagnosed with HIV in England and Wales compared to the general population","volume":"18","author":"Croxford S","year":"2017","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13753"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Cause of death among HIV\u2010positive patients in London 2015: a retrospective audit","volume":"18","author":"Croxford S","year":"2017","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00363-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"All\u2010cause and estimated HIV\u2010related preventable mortality among people with HIV in the UK in 2022: application of new definitions to the National HIV Mortality Review data","volume":"25","author":"Martin V","year":"2024","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Palliative and end of life care profile December 2023 update: statistical commentary. Office for Health Improvement & Disparities. Updated September 17 2024. Accessed January 13 2025.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/palliative-and-end-of-life-care-profiles-december-2023-data-update"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00272-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65841-0"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.70054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:27:33Z","timestamp":1772958453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.70054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.70054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.70054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}