{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:55:20Z","timestamp":1772981720036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010058","name":"Stiftelsen L\u00e4kare mot AIDS Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women remain underrepresented in studies on immunological response (IR) among virally suppressed people living with HIV. Despite receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) some individuals do not attain an IR, increasing their risk of non\u2010AIDS morbidity and mortality. This nationwide study investigated biomedical and social factors associated with IR among women with HIV in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a register\u2010based cohort study using the Swedish National HIV Registry (InfCareHIV). Virally suppressed women diagnosed with HIV between 2000 and 2020, \u226518\u2009years old were included. Included women were observed for 2\u2009years after ART initiation. The associations between IR and clinical and social determinants were investigated using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 841 women included in the final model, of whom 90% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009739, 95% CI: 0.88\u20130.92) had an IR after a 2\u2010year follow\u2010up. Mean age was 37\u2009years at inclusion, and 52% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009439) were born in a sub\u2010Saharan African country. A significant interaction between baseline HIV viral load and HIV acquisition mode was observed. Higher baseline HIV viral load (\u2265100\u2009000 copies\/mL) increased the odds of IR (adjOR 1.81, 95% CI: 0.96\u20133.41), except among women acquiring HIV via intravenous drug use (IDU), where this association was strongly attenuated (adjOR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.35). Baseline CD4, ART experience and age showed no significant associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between higher baseline HIV viral load and improved IR differed by HIV acquisition mode, suggesting the importance of tailored interventions addressing social determinants and immune activation. This potential interaction needs to be validated in future studies, also including sex\u2010specific variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T03:44:24Z","timestamp":1749699864000},"page":"1311-1316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors mediating and associated with immunological response in women living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    in Sweden: A nationwide register\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Josefin","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3799-9869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olof","family":"Elvstam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases V\u00e4xj\u00f6 Central Hospital  V\u00e4xj\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"S\u00f6rstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research Uppsala University  V\u00e4ster\u00e5s County of V\u00e4stmanland Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases S\u00f6dersjukhuset  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9962-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Carlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm 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