{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:59:05Z","timestamp":1774342745399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022236","name":"Office of Research and Development, University of Botswana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022236","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While people living with HIV are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the level of awareness of CVD risk in this population is not well documented. This study aimed to assess the association between CVD risk factor knowledge and estimated CVD risk among people living with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study of people living with HIV aged between 40 and 79\u2009years was conducted at a referral HIV Care Clinic in Gaborone, Botswana, between March and October 2017. CVD risk factor knowledge was determined using the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ). The 10\u2010year predicted cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score. High CVD risk knowledge was defined as HDFQ score &gt;70% while ASCVD score of \u22657.5% was categorized as high risk for CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 201 participants, 126 (62.7%) were female, with a mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of 50.4 (\u00b17.6) years. The mean (SD) HDFQ score was 73.3 (\u00b114.1). Twenty\u2010four percent of the participants had an ASCVD score \u22657.5%. Estimated CVD risk was not associated with CVD risk knowledge level (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76\u20131.20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.685).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The level of CVD risk knowledge in our study was high; however, there was no association to predicted CVD risk, even in those at high risk of CVD. Future should explore interventions aimed at increasing the level of CVD risk factor knowledge among people living with HIV at higher risk for CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T06:29:58Z","timestamp":1753770598000},"page":"1574-1584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiovascular risk knowledge stratified by predicted cardiovascular risk level among people living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    attending a tertiary\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    care centre in Gaborone, Botswana: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bernard","family":"Morapedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3371-4611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onkabetse Julia","family":"Molefe\u2010Baikai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onkarabile","family":"Hiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2715-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kago","family":"Kebotsamang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thato","family":"Moshomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mosepele","family":"Mosepele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine University of Botswana  Gaborone Botswana"},{"name":"Botswana Harvard Health Partnership  Gaborone Botswana"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. 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Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200304001-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-013-0168-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305230-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30036-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019664"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-015-0083-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44499-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-023-00576-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12831"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201404"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4940-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge and perceptions of risk for cardiovascular disease: findings of a qualitative investigation from a low\u2010income peri\u2010urban community in the Western cape, South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Steyn K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1157-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172897"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","volume-title":"The Fifth Botswana AIDS Impact Survey","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"The health belief model","volume":"2","author":"Abraham C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Predicting Health Behaviour"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2010.521906"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","first-page":"S49","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Goff DC","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.22.2978"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study of the effects of HIV infection and ART treatment on the serum lipid proile of HIV\/AIDS patients attending the Nylon District hospital, Douala, Cameroon. 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