{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:51:52Z","timestamp":1787014312195,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010474","name":"Swiss HIV Cohort Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project 836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010474","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increased in people with HIV. Chronic inflammation contributes to DM risk. High leukocytes are associated with DM in the general population, but in people with HIV, evidence of a leukocyte\u2013DM association is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study with new\u2010onset DM (2000\u20132023) and matched controls. We obtained uni\u2010 and multivariable odds ratios (ORs) for DM, based on traditional and HIV\u2010related DM risk factors, leukocyte count and potential confounders for leukocyte count.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 732 DM cases (median age 54\u2009years, 79% male at birth, 86% with suppressed HIV RNA) and 2032 DM\u2010free controls, the latest leukocyte count prior to DM diagnosis was higher in cases than in controls (median [interquartile range], 6200 [5115\u20137800] vs. 5900\/\u03bcL [4800\u20137180];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but leucocytosis (&gt;11\u2009000\/\u03bcL) was uncommon (3.8% vs. 2.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032). DM\u2010OR in the highest vs. lowest leukocyte quintile was 1.91 (95% confidence interval, 1.45\u20132.52) in univariable analysis and 2.47 (1.71\u20133.57) in multivariable analysis. For comparison, multivariable DM\u2010OR for dyslipidaemia, overweight, \u226512\u2010month stavudine exposure and \u226512\u2010month integrase inhibitor exposure were 2.23 (1.80\u20132.75), 2.83 (2.21\u20133.62), 1.54 (1.16\u20132.04) and 2.29 (1.13\u20134.62), respectively. We found no relevant confounders for the leukocyte\u2013DM association. Leukocytes were significantly associated with DM up to 10\u2009years before diagnosis (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High leukocyte count is an independent DM risk factor in people with HIV in Switzerland and increases the risk of DM to a degree similar to traditional and HIV\u2010related risk factors, up to 10\u2009years before DM diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T09:52:52Z","timestamp":1754041972000},"page":"1585-1599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Leukocyte count and new\u2010onset diabetes mellitus in people with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    : A longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sophia C.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland, Department of Clinical Research University Hospital Basel, University of Basel  Bruderholz Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland, Department of Clinical Research University Hospital Basel, University of Basel  Bruderholz Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella C.","family":"Schoepf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland, Department of Clinical Research University Hospital Basel, University of Basel  Bruderholz Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Bern University Hospital, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine Bern University Hospital, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian W.","family":"Thorball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Labarile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich  Zurich 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