{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:11:39Z","timestamp":1788930699235,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG059504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG059504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL141053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL141053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24HL166024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24HL166024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HL154863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HL154863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH125667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH125667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24DA061696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24DA061696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the risk of chronic inflammation among people living with HIV is well established in younger individuals, it is less well understood whether these relationships are persistent in older people living with HIV with long\u2010term virologic suppression. Such data are particularly sparse in sub\u2010Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed five inflammatory biomarkers (hs\u2010CRP, sCD14, sCD163, D\u2010dimer and FABP\u20102) among 290 older (antiretroviral therapy) ART\u2010treated people living with HIV and an age\u2010similar cohort of people without HIV in rural Uganda. We fit linear and logistic multivariable regression models with each biomarker as the outcome of interest, HIV serostatus as the primary exposure of interest, and age and sex as secondary exposures. Interaction terms between HIV and either age or sex were also explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 591 participants, 49% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009290) were people living with HIV and 49% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009290) were women, the median age was 57\u2009years (interquartile range 53\u201361). Adjusted linear analyses showed that people living with HIV had higher levels of sCD163 (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.307,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), D\u2010dimer (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.223,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and FABP\u20102 (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.627,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than people without HIV. However, HIV did not modify relationships between increasing age and inflammation. In sub\u2010analyses, we found that people living with HIV had lower levels of hs\u2010CRP with each additional 10\u2009years of age (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.231,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and that women had higher D\u2010dimer (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), lower hs\u2010CRP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and greater increases in sCD163 with increasing age (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.276,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) than men.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although older people living with HIV in Uganda tend to have higher biomarkers of inflammation than people without HIV, these differences appear to be stable with increasing age. Notably, older women with and without HIV tended to have higher levels of sCD163, which were exacerbated with increasing age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:17:08Z","timestamp":1755065828000},"page":"1894-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inflammatory profiles in older people with and without\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    in rural Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3948-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Cova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine S.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masette","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Ghoshhajra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Erem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Francis Hospital  Kampala Uganda"},{"name":"Makerere University  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Nassanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University  Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangun","family":"Randhawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9468-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris T.","family":"Longenecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Passell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Atwiine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4255-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edna","family":"Tindimwebwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kabwohe Clinical Research Center  Kabwohe Sheema Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Acan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Hoeppner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7377-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samson","family":"Okello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Asiimwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal M.","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-842X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark J.","family":"Siedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology  Mbarara Uganda"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408\u2010017\u20100080\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10\u20100633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101200\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AbboudJA OlalE BambaG KitaraD.Evolution of life expectancy in Uganda in 61\u2009years (1960\u20102021): a secondary data analysis of the world population prospects (WPP). 2024.10.2139\/ssrn.4775801","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4775801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.95726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010024\u201009050\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005\u2010015\u20100357\u20107"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T05:12:13Z","timestamp":1768194733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.70097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.70097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.70097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}