{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:02Z","timestamp":1787014322810,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Quality of life (QOL) is an essential component of care in people with HIV\u2010associated Kaposi sarcoma (HIV\u2010KS). Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) promotes cytokine expression and a dysfunctional inflammatory environment, contributing to KS pathogenesis and progression. However, disease\u2010related inflammatory factors influencing QOL and symptoms remain underexplored. This study examines the relationship between baseline QOL parameters and inflammatory cytokine biomarkers in treatment\u2010na\u00efve Africans with HIV\u2010KS participating in the randomized controlled KAART study. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines are linked with reduced QOL and symptom burden.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\u2010eight cytokines were measured from stored baseline serum using the Milliplex\u00ae multiplex assay. QOL was assessed using the validated EORTC QLQ\u2010C30. Spearman Rho\u2010Rank correlation was used to assess relationships between cytokine levels and QOL parameters, with\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u20090.01 considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Paired cytokine and QOL data were available for 68 participants. IL\u20108 showed significant negative correlations with summary scores, a reliable indicator of overall QOL (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n s<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.35,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.005). Increased IL\u20108 also correlated significantly with reduced emotional functioning scales (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n s<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.33,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01) and increased pain (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n s<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20090.32,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01). By contrast, increased IL\u201010 correlated significantly with reduced pain (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n s<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.31,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01). VEGF and MCP\u20101 levels correlated negatively with role functioning (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n s<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.32,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n s<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.30,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n IL\u20108 is a key cytokine affecting QOL in HIV\u2010KS. Elevations have a negative impact on pain, emotional functioning and overall QOL. IL\u201010, VEGF and MCP\u20101 perturbations also impact QOL. These findings enhance understanding of cytokine involvement in KS pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T07:16:14Z","timestamp":1757488574000},"page":"1983-1993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cytokine biomarkers and their relationship to symptoms and quality of life in people with\n HIV<\/scp>\n \u2010associated\n Kaposi<\/scp>\n sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6472-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahmida","family":"Shaik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Kwa\u2010Zulu Natal Durban South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council, Clinician Researcher Development Scholarship PhD Programme Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Smith","family":"Uldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikateko","family":"Mazinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nomonde","family":"Gwebushe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisa","family":"Mosam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Kwa\u2010Zulu Natal Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital Durban South 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