{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:20:21Z","timestamp":1788913221950,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2304900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2304900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81872671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With increasing life expectancy among HIV\u2010positive persons in China, comorbidities, polypharmacy and potential drug\u2013drug interactions (DDIs) present growing challenges. We evaluated these issues in the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) era of antiretroviral therapy (ART).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multi\u2010site, cross\u2010sectional study, we enrolled 5238 HIV\u2010positive persons from four geographically diverse regions of China. Using the University of Liverpool HIV Drug Interactions Database, we categorized potential DDIs as follows: no interaction (green), weak interaction (yellow), interaction requiring dose adjustment\/monitoring (amber) or contraindicated (red).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of participants was 41.7\u2009years; 1121 (21.4%) had at least one comorbidity. Notable treatment gaps were observed: 516 (46.0%) comorbid cases received no treatment, with particularly low treatment rates for hypertension (21.8%, 81\/372), dyslipidaemia (45.3%, 86\/190), diabetes (15.2%, 24\/158), cardiovascular disease (23.0%, 20\/87) and endocrine\/metabolic disorders (58.6%, 85\/142). Non\u2010ART medication use was reported by 604 (11.5%), most commonly antihypertensives (6.1%, 320\/5238), antidiabetics (3.4%, 176\/5238). Among medication users, 253 (41.8%) had potential DDIs: red\u2010flagged (1.0%, 4\/604), amber\u2010flagged (32.5%, 198\/604) and yellow\u2010flagged (8.3%, 51\/604). Multivariable analysis revealed older age, overweight\/obesity, urban insurance, lower income, lower CD4 counts and INSTI\u2010based regimens were positively associated with comorbidities and comedication use. Potential DDI risk increased with older age, longer ART duration, smoking, polypharmacy and non\u2010nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors\/protease inhibitor\u2010based regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings reveal high comorbidity prevalence with significant treatment gaps and frequent potential DDIs among Chinese HIV\u2010positive persons, particularly involving cardiometabolic medications and non\u2010INSTI ART regimens. These results underscore the urgent need for integrated HIV\/chronic care models incorporating routine DDI screening to improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T07:29:04Z","timestamp":1760599744000},"page":"168-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comorbidities, comedications and potential drug\u2013drug interactions among people living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    in China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3871-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yidan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS Control and Prevention Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuecheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS and STI Prevention Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Mangshi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luqian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leshuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qunbo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV\/AIDS and STI Prevention Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Mangshi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Prevention Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Prevention Pudong New District Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Prevention Jingan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education  Shanghai 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