{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T23:35:13Z","timestamp":1769988913978,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant concern among people with HIV (PWH), who are at higher risk of acquiring HBV and often show suboptimal responses to vaccination. In this context, we aimed to update the incidence of acute hepatitis B (AHB) in a cohort of PWH, given recent epidemiological shifts including the increase in migrant populations and the wider use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens lacking anti\u2010HBV activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective single\u2010centre study including PWH under follow\u2010up between 2000 and 2024. AHB cases were confirmed based on the recent positivity of HBsAg and anti\u2010HBc IgM. Demographic, clinical, serological and ART\u2010related data were collected. Incidence was calculated as cases per 100 person\u2010years, and trends were analyzed in both the overall population and the susceptible subgroup (anti\u2010HBc\u2010negative).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 22 AHB cases were diagnosed among 5986 PWH. The overall incidence rate was 0.02 (0.01\u20130.15) cases per 100 person\u2010years, and 0.05 (0.01\u20130.3) cases per 100 person\u2010years in the susceptible subgroup. Incidence decreased over time, with no new cases from 2015 to 2022, and isolated cases re\u2010emerged in 2023\u20132024. Most AHB cases (78.3%) were unvaccinated; 21.7% had received full vaccination but failed to develop a serologic response. Only 26.1% of cases were on ART at AHB diagnosis, and no one was receiving tenofovir. The rate of progression to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) was 17.4%, higher than in the general population; all CHB cases occurred in ART\u2010na\u00efve individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AHB incidence among PWH has declined over the past 25\u2009years but remains higher than in the general population. The recent reappearance of isolated cases may reflect changes in HBV exposure risk, suboptimal vaccination coverage, or the increasing use of ART regimens without anti\u2010HBV activity. Universal HBV vaccination and the use of tenofovir\u2010based therapies in non\u2010responders remain critical strategies for prevention and control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T19:37:55Z","timestamp":1760557075000},"page":"226-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in acute hepatitis B among people living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    over 25\u2009years: Incidence and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. D. M.","family":"Arcos\u2010Rueda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit. Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010Carlos III, IdiPAZ  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gil Garrote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. G.","family":"Torres Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"de Gea Grela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit. Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010Carlos III, IdiPAZ  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Busca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit. Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010Carlos III, IdiPAZ  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6626-4266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Mican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit. Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010Carlos III, IdiPAZ  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Martin\u2010Carbonero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit. Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010Carlos III, IdiPAZ  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2020.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2019.24.30.1800614"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2018.23.6.17\u201000278"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis de la evoluci\u00f3n de la hepatitis B aguda en Espa\u00f1a, 2008\u20132018","volume":"27","author":"Hernando V","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bol Epidemiol Semanal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Ministerio de Sanidad Consumo y Bienestar Social.Evoluci\u00f3n coberturas de primovacunaci\u00f3n. Espa\u00f1a 2008\u20132018.https:\/\/www.mscbs.gob.es\/profesionales\/saludPublica\/prevPromocion\/vacunaciones\/docs\/CoberturasVacunacion\/Tabla1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimce.2020.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2021.26.25.2000236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica del VIH y sida en Espa\u00f1a 2023: principales resultados","author":"Ministerio de Sanidad","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12050488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Vigilancia epidemiol\u00f3gica de la hepatitis B en Espa\u00f1a, 2022","author":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog\u00eda (ISCIII)","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Manejo compartido del paciente con infecci\u00f3n por VIH entre Atenci\u00f3n Primaria y Hospitalaria","author":"Grupo de Estudio de SIDA (GeSIDA), Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC)","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS).Guidelines for the treatment of HIV. Version 12.1 November 2024.https:\/\/eacs.sanfordguide.com\/eacs-part1\/eacs-section4\/vaccination"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.0741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad203"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a third\u2010generation hepatitis B vaccine in people living with HIV","volume":"19","author":"Alon D","year":"2017","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.24490"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"GishRG.Global overview and support for reflex testing of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in HBsAg\u2010positive individuals. Presented at: International Symposium on Hepatitis Viruses and Liver Diseases (ISHVLD).2025https:\/\/www.hepb.org\/assets\/Uploads\/Dr.\u2010Gish\u2010reflex\u2010deck\u2010reflex\u2010testing\u2010HDV\u2010testing\u2010overall\u20102025\u2010for\u2010ISHVLD\u2010meeting.pdf"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70132","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.70132","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T13:25:41Z","timestamp":1769952341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.70132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.70132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.70132","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}