{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T05:58:39Z","timestamp":1775455119113,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Indicator condition\u2010based HIV testing is recommended by the British HIV Association in all clinical settings, including in primary care. We estimated the frequency of non\u2010obstetric HIV testing in primary care in an area of Northeast England with a low prevalence of HIV and examined the effects of clinical and demographic indicators on testing rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collated data from 358\u2009603 patients across 54 general practices. Multilevel logistic regression modelling was used to identify associations between clinical and demographic indicators and non\u2010obstetric HIV testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with any indicators for testing were more than four times as likely to be tested for HIV than those without (odds ratio [OR] 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.10\u20134.94). Women were less likely than men to have been tested (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.71\u20130.80). People aged 56\u201375\u2009years were less likely to be tested (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.62\u20130.72) compared to those aged 16\u201335; people of white ethnicity were less likely to be tested than those of non\u2010white ethnicity (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.59\u20130.73); there was a directional correlation between lower levels of deprivation and reduced likelihood of testing. The overall frequency of testing, however, was low (2.4% in whole study population; 4.9% in people with any indicators for testing).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low rates of non\u2010HIV testing in primary care, including where clinical and\/or demographic indicators are present, represent a barrier to reducing late diagnoses and achieving the UK government's target of eliminating HIV transmission by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T01:09:45Z","timestamp":1767229785000},"page":"642-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    testing in primary care in a low\u2010prevalence area of Northeast England"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University Medical School  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"van Schaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University  Middlesbrough UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases South Tees NHS Foundation Trust  Middlesbrough UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leadgate Surgery  Consett Durham UK"},{"name":"Clinical Digital Resources Collaborative (CDRC)  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"IT Lead Primary Care Research North East and North Cumbria  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population and Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7955-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases South Tees NHS Foundation Trust  Middlesbrough UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1620-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine The Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"GOV.UK.HIV testing PrEP new HIV diagnoses and care outcomes for people accessing HIV services: 2025 report. Accessed October 22 2025.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/hiv\u2010annual\u2010data\u2010tables\/hiv\u2010testing\u2010prep\u2010new\u2010hiv\u2010diagnoses\u2010and\u2010care\u2010outcomes\u2010for\u2010people\u2010accessing\u2010hiv\u2010services\u20102025\u2010report"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Overview | HIV testing: encouraging uptake | Quality standards | NICE. NICE.2017. Accessed October 22 2025.https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/qs157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2021.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2011-130031"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Barriers to STI testing in rural populations: a qualitative study of patient and provider perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Prasad DSS","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Acad Med Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency.Annual epidemiological spotlight on HIV in the North East: 2021 data. 2021. Accessed October 22 2025.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/hiv\u2010north\u2010east\u2010annual\u2010data\u2010spotlight\/annual\u2010epidemiological\u2010spotlight\u2010on\u2010hiv\u2010in\u2010the\u2010north\u2010east\u20102021\u2010data"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002935"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420906998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052845"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986006003267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"R: the R project for statistical computing. 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Accessed December 16 2025.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5d1602aaed915d318dd65e0b\/HIV_annual_report_2018_\u2010_Summary_key_messages_and_recommendations.pdf"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70189","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.70189","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T05:10:13Z","timestamp":1775452213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.70189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.70189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.70189","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}