{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:17:06Z","timestamp":1777972626501,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with tuberculosis\u2010HIV coinfection face multiple barriers to effective treatment, including social vulnerability, stigma and limited access to healthcare. This study examined factors associated with loss to follow\u2010up and death among individuals with tuberculosis\u2010HIV in Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a longitudinal study using a nationally linked database from surveillance systems. Poisson regression models with robust variance were applied to identify factors associated with unfavourable outcomes, guided by a theoretical\u2010conceptual hierarchical framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analysed data from 54\u2009516 individuals. The median time to loss to treatment follow\u2010up was 115\u2009days, with a cumulative proportion of 29.56%. Among the most consistent predictors of loss to follow\u2010up were homelessness (relative risk, RR 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.16\u20131.19), tuberculosis retreatment (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.15\u20131.17) and drug use (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.14\u20131.16), whereas antiretroviral therapy use (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.95\u20130.96) showed a negative association. The median time to death during tuberculosis treatment was 27\u2009days, with a cumulative proportion of 27.54%. Higher risk of death was observed among individuals with CD4 counts &lt;350 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (RR 1.09; 95% CI 1.08\u20131.10), those experiencing homelessness (RR 1.08; 95% CI 1.06\u20131.10) and those with rifampicin resistance (RR 1.11; 95% CI 1.07\u20131.15).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Key social, clinical and programmatic factors were associated with loss to follow\u2010up and death during tuberculosis treatment among people with HIV. Addressing these vulnerabilities is essential to improving treatment outcomes and advancing progress towards the 2030 targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:22:16Z","timestamp":1769595736000},"page":"710-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hierarchical analysis of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment among people living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    in Brazil using nationwide surveillance data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Vin\u00edcius de","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1  Maring\u00e1 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4073-2735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Aparecida","family":"Monroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1427-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela Demitto","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1  Maring\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3373-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosana Rosseto de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1  Maring\u00e1 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