{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:16:54Z","timestamp":1777972614714,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100910IR10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100910IR10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There are an estimated 2482 people born in Latin American countries receiving care for HIV in the United Kingdom. Although national guidance recommends screening for\n                      <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection (Chagas disease) in this population, there is no formal screening programme. The aim of this study was to investigate the sero\u2010epidemiology of\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Latin American people living with HIV in London, with a view to informing screening strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a cross\u2010sectional study, using serological screening for\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and questionnaires. Adults receiving HIV care in three London hospital outpatient clinics and who were born in one of the 21 Chagas\u2010endemic countries of South America, Central America or Mexico were identified by searching electronic medical records for country of birth codes. Eligible participants were invited to undergo\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      screening (a single recombinant immunoglobulin G (IgG)\u2010enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) during routine HIV outpatient appointments. Positive screening tests were confirmed with an immunofluorescence antibody test, with discordant results resolved by an adjudicating immunoblot.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 351 participants were recruited between June 2023 and March 2025, including 181 (52%) who were born in Brazil, 73 (21%) in Colombia, 19 (5%) in Ecuador, 16 (5%) in Argentina, 15 (4%) in Venezuela and 12 (3%) in Bolivia. Uptake of serological screening was high (97% when offered face to face). Four participants (1%) had a positive screening test, of whom one had confirmed\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection (seroprevalence 0.3%, 95% CI 0.01\u20131.6%), and three were deemed false positive screening tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report a low seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in Latin American migrants in London living with HIV. Since the clinical consequences of untreated\n                      <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection can be fatal, screening uptake is high, and individuals in non\u2010endemic countries generally only need to be screened once, we recommend testing all Latin American people with HIV, especially women of reproductive age, those from high\u2010prevalence countries and those with poor immune\u2010virological control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:59:51Z","timestamp":1769680791000},"page":"796-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screening for\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    infection (Chagas disease) in the Latin American population living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    in London"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1786-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Elkheir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases University College London Hospitals  London UK"},{"name":"UK Chagas Hub, https:\/\/www.uclh.nhs.uk\/uk\u2010chagas\u2010hub"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivani","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harrison Wing, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Barbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caldecot Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caldecot Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caldecot Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harrison Wing, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harrison Wing, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Bracchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea &amp; Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea &amp; Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolo","family":"Girometti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea &amp; Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea &amp; Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9064-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank A.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caldecot Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Nabarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases University College London Hospitals  London UK"},{"name":"UK Chagas Hub, https:\/\/www.uclh.nhs.uk\/uk\u2010chagas\u2010hub"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Parasitology Health Services Laboratories  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Nolder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Chagas Hub, https:\/\/www.uclh.nhs.uk\/uk\u2010chagas\u2010hub"},{"name":"Diagnostic Parasitology Laboratory London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"O'Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Chagas Hub, https:\/\/www.uclh.nhs.uk\/uk\u2010chagas\u2010hub"},{"name":"Department of Infection Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harrison Wing, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Chiodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases University College London Hospitals  London UK"},{"name":"UK Chagas Hub, https:\/\/www.uclh.nhs.uk\/uk\u2010chagas\u2010hub"},{"name":"Diagnostic Parasitology Laboratory London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A. J.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases University College London Hospitals  London UK"},{"name":"UK Chagas Hub, https:\/\/www.uclh.nhs.uk\/uk\u2010chagas\u2010hub"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Chagas disease (also known as American trypanosomiasis) factsheet 2024. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n901"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09221"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Chagas disease in Latin America: an epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates","volume":"90","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01787-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6040198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012808"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (ONS).Census 2021 (England and Wales).2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00944_1.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Wiener lab.Chagatest ELISA recombinate v4.0 [manufacturer test kit insert]. Enzyme\u2010linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi.2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chagas Disease","author":"Pan American Health Organization WHO","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624231202292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102324"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1531-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0714"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70201","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.70201","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T08:50:12Z","timestamp":1777971012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.70201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.70201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.70201","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}