{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:49:07Z","timestamp":1789019347986,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children are a priority group for HIV prevention and control. However, limited data exist regarding disease burden and temporal trends among this population. This study aimed to evaluate the burden of HIV, as well as trends in health inequalities, among children aged 0\u201314\u2009years between 1990 and 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age\u2010standardised incidence, prevalence, disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs) and death rates related to HIV among children aged 0\u201314\u2009years were examined. Long\u2010term trends and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated. Decomposition, health inequality, and frontier analyses were further conducted by Socio\u2010demographic Index (SDI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1990 to 2021, the age\u2010standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age\u2010standardised deaths rate (ASDR), and age\u2010standardised DALYs rate (ASR\u2010DALYs) of HIV among children aged 0\u201314\u2009years all showed a statistically significant decline, with EAPCs of \u22124.60 (95% CI: \u22125.97, \u22123.21), \u22122.09 (95% CI: \u22123.74, \u22120.41), and \u22122.14 (95% CI: \u22123.79, \u22120.46), respectively. In contrast, the age\u2010standardised prevalence rate (ASPR) increased significantly, with an EAPC of 3.16 (95% CI: 1.66, 4.68). The HIV burden was greatest among children aged 0\u20135\u2009years, particularly those under 1\u2009year. South Asia experienced the most significant increases in ASPR, ASDR, and ASR\u2010DALYs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global HIV disease burden in children aged 0\u201314\u2009years trended downward overall but remained substantial, especially in the 0\u20135 age group. Health inequalities persisted across SDI regions, underscoring the need for targeted public health interventions in high\u2010burden areas, particularly South Asia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:51:43Z","timestamp":1773460303000},"page":"991-1007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global, regional, and national burden of\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    among children aged 0\u201314\u2009years: Estimates and socioeconomic inequalities, 1990\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3221-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1268-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yantao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7583-833X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianlei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Clinical Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Pneumocystis pneumonia\u2212\u2212Los Angeles","volume":"30","author":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC)","year":"1981","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"UNAlDS.Global HIV statistics fact sheet 2024.2024.https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Data on the HIV response.2024.https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/topic\u2010details\/GHO\/data\u2010on\u2010the\u2010hiv\u2010aids\u2010response"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.2025 Global AIDS Update: AIDS Crisis and the Power to Transform.2025.https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/presscentre\/pressreleaseandstatementarchive\/2025\/july\/20250710_global\u2212aids\u2212update"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u22123018(24)00212\u22121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u22126736(24)00757\u22128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis\u22122020\u2212217050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063697"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2212023\u221217573\u22129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"Standardization and Decomposition of Rates: A User's Manual","author":"Das Gupta P","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932016000547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2212022\u221214274\u22127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043\u2212025\u221200920\u22124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u22126736(01)06827\u22121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Prevention of Mother\u2212to\u2212Child Transmission of HIV: Selection and Use of Nevirapine Technical Notes.2001. 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