{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:19:55Z","timestamp":1783448395405,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011727","name":"Stockholm l\u00e4ns landsting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SLL\u2010KI FoUI\u2010995225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLL\u2010KI FoUI\u2010995225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018713","name":"Center for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIMED FoUI\u20101002100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIMED FoUI\u20101002100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010058","name":"Stiftelsen L\u00e4kare mot AIDS Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOa2022\u20100001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOa2022\u20100001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010058","name":"Stiftelsen L\u00e4kare mot AIDS Forskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOa2023\u20100003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOa2023\u20100003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201000552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201000552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\u201006337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\u201006337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The potent immunogenicity of mRNA vaccination raised concerns about its impact on HIV\u20101 viral load (VL) and reservoir size in people with HIV, which could drive vaccine hesitancy. As part of a prospective clinical trial, we investigated whether SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 mRNA vaccination induced changes in VL and reservoir size after a 1\u2010year three\u2010dose regimen in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We collected blood samples from 37 people with HIV with varying degrees of immune reconstitution before vaccination and after receiving their second and third doses of vaccine. Anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010Spike antibodies and Spike\u2010specific CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cells were analysed as indicators of vaccine\u2010induced immunogenicity. The Intact Proviral DNA Assay was used to quantify the intact and defective HIV\u20101 reservoir.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Vaccination with three doses of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 mRNA vaccine over the course of 1\u2009year did not result in plasma HIV\u20101 RNA rebound nor significantly alter the HIV\u20101 reservoir size regardless of immune status. The median intact HIV\u20101 reservoir size was 53 (IQR 34\u2013193) copies\/million CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cells at baseline and 86 (34\u2013268) and 138 (33\u2013334) 3\u2009months after the second and third dose, respectively (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.38). We found no correlation between changes in VL or HIV\u20101 reservoir size and the anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010Spike levels, Spike\u2010specific CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cells, CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \/CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ratio, nadir or CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cell count. However, the intact reservoir size negatively correlated with CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cell count, CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n \/CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ratio and nadir CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cell count.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Our findings show that three doses of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 mRNA vaccine did not affect the VL or HIV reservoir size regardless of immune status, supporting their safety in people with HIV. Notably, a higher CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cell count correlated with a reduced intact HIV\u20101 reservoir size.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T13:15:24Z","timestamp":1775394924000},"page":"1120-1131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["HIV<\/scp>\n \u20101 viral load and reservoir size remain stable following\n SARS<\/scp>\n \u2010\n CoV<\/scp>\n \u20102\n mRNA<\/scp>\n vaccination in people with\n HIV<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9128-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Kieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge CIM \u2010 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca B","family":"J\u00fctte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Translational Pharmacology Bielefeld University, Medical School OWL Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Vesterbacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge CIM \u2010 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0461-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo","family":"Aleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge CIM \u2010 Clinical Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Gustaf","family":"Ljunggren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0633-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Buggert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5863-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J Peter","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Huddinge Center for 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