{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:38:05Z","timestamp":1792618685768,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the association of the Cardio\u2010Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and ankle\u2010brachial index (ABI) with all\u2010cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in older people with HIV receiving long\u2010term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective cohort study of 307 virologically suppressed participants aged \u226550\u2009years who underwent baseline CAVI and ABI measurements. ABI was analysed both as a continuous variable and as a categorical variable using a cut\u2010off &lt;0.9. Outcomes were all\u2010cause mortality and MACE (non\u2010fatal myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or percutaneous coronary intervention). Associations between high CAVI (\u22659) or continuous CAVI and outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, smoking, hypertension and interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, 18.2% of participants had high CAVI (\u22659). Over a median follow\u2010up of 8\u2009years, 50 participants (16.3%) experienced the composite outcome, including 37 deaths (12.1%). After adjustment, categorical CAVI \u2265\u20099 was significantly associated with all\u2010cause mortality (aHR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.37\u20135.21,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) but did not reach statistical significance for the composite outcome (aHR 1.64, 95% CI: 0.89\u20133.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.112). However, when modelled as a continuous variable, each unit increase in CAVI was associated with an increased risk of composite outcome (aHR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08\u20131.54,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). Ever smoking, hypertension and elevated IL\u20106 were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality and MACE. ABI &lt;\u20090.9 was strongly associated with mortality (aHR 4.20, 95% CI: 1.43\u201312.27).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In older people with HIV on long\u2010term ART, traditional cardiovascular risk, systemic inflammation (IL\u20106) and low ABI (&lt;0.9) were stronger predictors of mortality and MACE. CAVI demonstrated prognostic value for mortality and the composite outcome, suggesting a potential complementary role in cardiovascular risk assessment. Clinical trial registration: HIVNAT 006 (NCT00411983).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T05:39:31Z","timestamp":1777009171000},"page":"1277-1286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prognostic value of ankle\u2010brachial index and cardio\u2010ankle vascular index for mortality and cardiovascular events in older people with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    on long\u2010term\n                    <scp>ART<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2970-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Porntep","family":"Amornritvanich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Internal Medicine Police General Hospital  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"College of Medicine Police General Hospital  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"HIVNAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Centre  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-6585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarawut","family":"Siwamogsatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ambulatory and Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Clinical Research Center (Chula CRC), Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6153-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pairoj","family":"Chattranukulchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8307-1191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monravee","family":"Tumkosit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6673-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanakorn","family":"Apornpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIVNAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Centre  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Health Thammasat University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hay Mar Su","family":"Lwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIVNAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Centre  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4292-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Napon","family":"Hiranburana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIVNAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Centre  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanisa","family":"Jarusyingdumrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIVNAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Centre  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3731-7960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Win Min","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIVNAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Centre  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIVNAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Centre  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"The Kirby Institute University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok 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