{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T03:08:27Z","timestamp":1788750507429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010acting (LA) intramuscular injections of cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) are an effective maintenance therapy for people living with HIV who are virologically suppressed. However, virological failures (VFs) have been reported, often associated with elevated body mass index (BMI), potentially due to inadequate intramuscular drug delivery. Current recommendations mainly rely on BMI to guide needle length selection and do not routinely incorporate imaging techniques. Furthermore, they do not recommend the use of ultrasound as an investigative tool in cases of LA treatment failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed anonymized records of two patients experiencing virological rebound under LA CAB\/RPV. Clinical, virological and resistance data were extracted from their medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first case involves an obese patient. Ultrasound revealed subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness &gt;3\u2009cm and intra\u2010adipose injection granulomas, suggesting non\u2010intramuscular injections. After adapting needle length, virological suppression was restored. The second case involves a patient with a normal BMI in whom ultrasound revealed a gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness of 45\u2009mm and bilateral subcutaneous granulomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound is a simple and accessible tool to help optimize drug injection in case of obesity or gynoid fat distribution and investigate injection technique\u2013related issues in cases of VF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:55:16Z","timestamp":1782190516000},"page":"1548-1551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound for the determination of appropriate needle length for intragluteal injection of long\u2010acting rilpivirine\u2013cabotegravir"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3117-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candice","family":"Gueuning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Saint\u2010Pierre  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrishta","family":"Brizmohun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology CHU Saint\u2010Pierre  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7697-6849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dauby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Saint\u2010Pierre  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8995-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Saint\u2010Pierre  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Guidelines Version 13.0 \u2013 Section \u201cSwitch Strategies for Virologically Suppressed Persons\u201d","author":"Ambrosioni J","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciag046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf385"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70272","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.70272","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T02:48:42Z","timestamp":1788749322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.70272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.70272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.70272","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}