{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:58:09Z","timestamp":1790927889316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012095","name":"Scottish Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Earlier diagnosis of blood\u2010borne viruses (BBVs)\u2014HIV, hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV)\u2014remains a significant public\u2010health focus. Opt\u2010out testing in secondary healthcare settings can improve early diagnosis and linkage to care as part of BBV transmission elimination targets. This scoping review used APEASE criteria (acceptability, practicability, effectiveness, affordability, side\u2010effects and equity) to evaluate opt\u2010out BBV testing interventions in emergency departments (EDs) and medical assessment units (MAUs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of three databases was conducted for peer\u2010reviewed literature up to 30th June 2025. Inclusion criteria were: (a) opt\u2010out BBV testing intervention; (b) taking place within a secondary care setting; and (c) in the UK, Ireland, Australia and Canada. Data were extracted and analysed using APEASE criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight studies met inclusion criteria. Opt\u2010out testing was acceptable to patients and healthcare professionals, particularly when supported by clear communication, staff training and leadership engagement. Practicability varied by setting; barriers included time constraints, unclear responsibilities and logistical challenges. Automation using electronic systems facilitated implementation. Effectiveness was demonstrated through increased testing uptake and case identification, especially in EDs. Minimal evidence exists on affordability and is likely to vary by population prevalence. No significant side effects (unintended outcomes) were reported, and universal testing was associated with reduced stigma. Opt\u2010out testing can improve access to testing for underserved populations, supporting its role in promoting health equity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opt\u2010out BBV testing in secondary care settings (EDs and MAUs) is a feasible, effective and equitable intervention when supported by appropriate infrastructure and resources. Efforts should focus on optimizing implementation strategies and extending opt\u2010out testing, including to lower\u2010prevalence settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:00:16Z","timestamp":1785924016000},"page":"1558-1583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A scoping review of the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of opt\u2010out blood\u2010borne virus (\n                    <scp>BBV<\/scp>\n                    ) testing in secondary healthcare settings, in the\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    and similar settings, using\n                    <scp>APEASE<\/scp>\n                    criteria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Becky","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"NHS Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen J.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Trayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Estcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"NHS Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8817-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison J.","family":"Rodger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.Recommended 2030 targets for HIV. Accessed 15 December 2025.https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/recommended-2030-targets-for-hiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"HIV Testing, PrEP, New HIV Diagnoses and Care Outcomes for People Accessing HIV Services: 2025 Report. The Annual Official Statistics Data Release (Data to End of December 2024)","author":"Shah A","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Hepatitis C in England 2024: Working to Eliminate Hepatitis C as a Public Health Problem. Data to End of 2023","author":"Mitchell H","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Public Health Evaluation of BBV Opt\u2010Out Testing in EDs in England: 33\u2010Month Final Report","author":"UK Health Security Agency","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"HIV in Scotland: Update to 31 December 2024","author":"Public Health Scotland","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Surveillance of Hepatitis B in Scotland: Update to 31 December 2023","author":"Public Health Scotland","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Hepatitis B in England 2025","author":"UK Health Security Agency","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Health Protection Scotland.Scotland's hepatitis C action plan: achievements of the first decade and proposals for a Scottish government strategy for the elimination of both infection and disease: taking advantage of outstanding new therapies.2019. 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