{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:18:03Z","timestamp":1789463883015,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with HIV (PWH) are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite spontaneous or antiretroviral therapy\u2010induced long\u2010lasting suppressed viremia. Traditional and HIV\u2010specific factors have been identified, but CVD incidence and mortality remain high. A microbiome is a community of germs living close to their human host, and bacterial dysbiosis is associated with atherosclerosis and chronic non\u2010communicable disease development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a pilot study designed to analyze the effect of tailored diet intervention on body mass index (BMI), metabolic features and microbiota composition in PWH with suppressed HIV viremia (HIV RNA &lt;50 copies\/mL) under combination antiretroviral treatment. Biomarkers and parameters were measured at baseline and 6\u2009months (M6) after.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten male participants were enrolled. The median age was 60.5\u2009years (54\u201369) and the 10\u2010year CV risk was 11.7% (7.2\u201321.2). CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 568 cells\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      (398\u2013625). Approximately 75% of participants declared to be adherent to the given dietary recommendations. Participants showed reduced amounts of food intake (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022) and, specifically, of saturated fat (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007) and cholesterol (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011). At M6, most metabolic and inflammatory parameters remained stable. TMAO concentrations were higher at M6 than at baseline (157 vs. 129\u2009ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.050). Microbiota alpha and beta diversity did not change over time: yet we observed a significant reduction of\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047) and an increase in\n                      <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028) relative abundance at M6.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot study assessing a tailored dietary intervention in high CV\u2010risk PWH, we observed stable metabolic and inflammatory parameters and an unexpected increase in TMAO levels at 6\u2009months. Microbiome composition was marginally affected, and active interventions are probably needed to elicit significant changes over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:20:48Z","timestamp":1789114848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of a tailored dietary intervention on serum biomarkers and faecal microbiome composition in people with HIV at risk of cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2597-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio Antonino","family":"Ranzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota International Clinical Society  Turin Italy"},{"name":"Unit of General Medicine Hospital of Ceva, ASL Cuneo 1  Cuneo 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