{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:57:37Z","timestamp":1792061857725,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN\u2010DE\u2010980\u20106998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN\u2010DE\u2010980\u20106998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) is known to accelerate the progression of liver disease and is associated with mortality in individuals with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, little is known about current HDV epidemiology, including HDV\u2010testing practices and prevalence, in this population in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study of clinical cohorts across Europe (Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland and United Kingdom). Included individuals were those living with HIV, ever hepatitis B surface antigen positive, aged \u226518\u2009years and actively in care on December 31, 2023. We calculated the percentage of individuals tested for HDV, prevalence of individuals who ever had anti\u2010HDV positive serology (i.e., past\/current infection) and the prevalence of individuals whose last HDV RNA result was positive (i.e., active infection).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 2970 individuals were included. Anti\u2010HDV antibody results were available in 2189 (73.7%). Of them, 261 (12.0%) had past\/current HDV infection, ranging between 3.8% in the United Kingdom and 27.3% in Poland. Among the 261 individuals with an anti\u2010HDV\u2010positive result, 162 (62.1%) had been tested for HDV RNA. Of them, 92 (56.8%) had active HDV infection. Of the overall population with available data, active HDV infection was observed in 4.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200992\/2077), ranging between 0.9% in the Netherlands and 11.0% in Italy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Europe, about one\u2010eighth of individuals with HIV\/HBV in care have evidence of past\/current HDV infection, in whom half have active HDV infection. Nevertheless, these results come from a setting where one\u2010quarter have yet to be tested for anti\u2010HDV antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:40:43Z","timestamp":1792060843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatitis\n                    <scp>D<\/scp>\n                    virus infection in persons with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    and hepatitis\n                    <scp>B<\/scp>\n                    virus across\n                    <scp>Europe<\/scp>\n                    : A cross\u2010sectional analysis of the HDV\u2010Europe cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9512-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infektiologikum Frankfurt  Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"van Bremen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MVZ Innere Medizin  K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICONA Foundation  Milan Italy"},{"name":"National PhD Programme in One Health Approaches to Infectious Disease and Life Science Research, Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"d'Arminio Monforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICONA Foundation  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8290-6425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"van der Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1869-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u0142osz","family":"Parczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin  Szczecin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Tchorz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin  Szczecin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6953-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Cielniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Science Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8102-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luz","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Carbonero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010IdiPAZ  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Mar","family":"Arcos\u2010Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit. Internal Medicine Department Hospital Universitario La Paz\u2010Carlos III, IdiPAZ  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9346-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"B\u00e9guelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5278-8763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Wandeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2557-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Bhagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases\/HIV Medicine Royal Free London NHS Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases\/HIV Medicine Royal Free London NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9944-6093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fauzi","family":"Elamouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Medical School Hamburg  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8541-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Berenguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de 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