{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:39:45Z","timestamp":1792719585989,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022335","name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), inequalities in HIV outcomes persist by sex and migration status. Few studies have examined how these factors jointly relate to treatment outcomes across successive ART eras.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine differences in time to first viral suppression and life expectancy according to sex and migration status, and how these differences changed across successive ART eras.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a population\u2010based retrospective cohort study using the PISCIS cohort in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, Spain. Participants aged \u226516\u2009years diagnosed with HIV between 1998 and 2023, with a recorded ART initiation date and at least one viral load measurement within 12\u2009months after ART initiation, were included. Time to first viral suppression (&lt;50 copies\/mL) was analysed using Kaplan\u2013Meier methods and period\u2010specific (P1: 1998\u20132001; P2: 2002\u20132009; P3: 2010\u20132015; P4: 2016\u20132023) Cox proportional hazards models including an interaction between sex and migration status and adjusting for age at diagnosis, transmission group, baseline CD4 count, HIV\u2010RNA and socioeconomic deprivation. Life expectancy at age 20 was estimated using abridged life tables. A complementary analysis among participants with sexually acquired HIV examined differences in viral suppression according to migration status after further disaggregation into women, men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis included 18\u2009323 participants (16\u00b70% women; 46.2% migrants). Time to viral suppression shortened substantially across all sex\u2010migration groups over successive ART periods. By the most recent period (P4), compared with migrant males, migrant females had a lower hazard of viral suppression (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] 0.84, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.96), as did non\u2010migrant males (aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81\u20130.95), whereas non\u2010migrant females had comparable hazards (aHR 1.09, 95% CI 0.92\u20131.30). Complementary analyses of sexually acquired HIV revealed further heterogeneity in the most recent period (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001): Migrant women had a lower adjusted hazard of viral suppression than migrant MSM (aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67\u20130.89), while a particularly low hazard was observed among migrant heterosexual men (aHR 0.60, 95% CI 0.51\u20130.69). Life expectancy at age 20 increased by approximately 12\u2009years across all groups over the study period, with differences between groups narrowing over time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral suppression and life expectancy improved substantially across all sex\u2010migration groups over 26\u2009years. However, differences in time to viral suppression persisted in the most recent ART era, including slower suppression among migrant women compared with migrant men. Further disaggregation of sexually acquired HIV revealed additional heterogeneity, particularly between migrant MSM and heterosexual men. These findings highlight the importance of considering the intersection of sex, migration status and HIV acquisition group to better identify population\u2010specific inequalities in HIV care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:31:11Z","timestamp":1792719071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex\u2010 and migration\u2010related differences in viral suppression and life expectancy among people with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    : The\n                    <scp>PISCIS<\/scp>\n                    cohort, 1998\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"de Vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Government of Catalonia Centre of epidemiological studies on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS of Catalunya (CEEISCAT)  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti  Badalona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9188-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey Claire","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Government of Catalonia Centre of epidemiological studies on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS of Catalunya (CEEISCAT)  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Cl\u00ednic \u2013 Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Iguacel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Government of Catalonia Centre of epidemiological studies on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS of Catalunya (CEEISCAT)  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1996-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berta","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service Hospital Cl\u00ednic  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0894-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Cord\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service Hospital Cl\u00ednic  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6433-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service Hospital Cl\u00ednic  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9931-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Ambrosioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service Hospital Cl\u00ednic  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Government of Catalonia Centre of epidemiological studies on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS of Catalunya (CEEISCAT)  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti  Badalona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service Hospital Cl\u00ednic  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Reial Academia de Medicina de Catalunya  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5416-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ge\u00f2rgia","family":"Escaram\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Government of Catalonia Centre of epidemiological studies on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS of Catalunya (CEEISCAT)  Badalona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5259-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Agust\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Government of Catalonia Centre of epidemiological studies on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS of Catalunya (CEEISCAT)  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti  Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the PISCIS Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).HIV data and statistics [Internet]. [cited 2025 Mar 4].https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global\u2010hiv\u2010hepatitis\u2010and\u2010stis\u2010programmes\/hiv\/strategic\u2010information\/hiv\u2010data\u2010and\u2010statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(08)61113\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13606"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2023.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(15)00203\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the WHO Regional Office for Europe.HIV\/AIDS Surveillance in Europe 2024\u20132023 data [Internet].2024[cited 2025 Mar 16].https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/hiv-aids-surveillance-europe-2024-2023-data"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica del VIH y sida en Espa\u00f1a 2023: Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n sobre Nuevos Diagn\u00f3sticos de VIH y Registro Nacional de Casos de Sida","author":"Unidad de Vigilancia de VIH, ITS y Hepatitis","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2023.28.10.2200317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010024\u201010412\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.672722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(25)00301\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/EURPUB\/CKX225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Vigil\u00e0ncia epidemiol\u00f2gica del VIH i la SIDA a Catalunya: informe anual, 2023 [Internet]","author":"Centre d'Estudis Epidemiol\u00f2gics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissi\u00f3 Sexual i Sida de Catalunya","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(23)00028\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(17)30066\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003772"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352\u20103018(24)00118\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad530"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817000437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(24)00304\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","volume-title":"Dades de desigualtats socioecon\u00f2miques en la salut i la utilitzaci\u00f3 de serveis sanitaris p\u00fablics 2015 [Internet]","author":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Qualitat i Avaluaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ries de Catalunya (AQuAS)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102017\u2010018533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2900\/24226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"Idescat.Indicadores b\u00e1sicos de Catalu\u00f1a. Esperanza de vida a distintas edades. [Internet]. [cited 2026 Aug 3].https:\/\/www.idescat.cat\/indicadors\/?col=3&id=basics&lang=es&n=10381&t=202100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010024\u201020439\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2025.30.24.2400585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010019\u20104477\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102023\u2010078337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14\u20100206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).Evidence brief: Progress towards earlier diagnosis of HIV and viral hepatitis in migrants and mobile populations in the EU\/EEA [Internet].2025[cited 2026 Aug 3].https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/evidence-brief-progress-towards-earlier-diagnosis-hiv-and-viral-hepatitis"}],"container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70326","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/hiv.70326","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/hiv.70326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:31:13Z","timestamp":1792719073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/hiv.70326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/hiv.70326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.70326","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-2662","1468-1293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-2662","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"hiv.70326"}}