{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T04:40:20Z","timestamp":1792384820526,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HIV Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification involves increasing the dose or frequency of existing regimens or adding agents to standard therapy. This systematic review evaluated the impact of ART intensification on selected virological and clinical outcomes among people living with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for English\u2010language studies published from database inception to 5 July 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools. This review was registered by PROSPERO registration: CRD42024565822.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1652 identified records, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Virological outcomes were heterogeneous, with most strategies showing no significant improvement in viral suppression or HIV reservoir reduction. Neurocognitive outcomes were inconsistent, while immune recovery was observed in some studies. ART intensification was generally safe and well tolerated, although evidence on long\u2010term outcomes remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no consistent evidence supporting a clear benefit of ART intensification on virological or clinical outcomes. ART intensification outcomes vary according to drug selection, patient characteristics, and treatment goals. These findings highlight the uncertainty surrounding the clinical utility of ART intensification. Further research is needed to optimize intensification strategies for specific patient populations and to better define its role in long\u2010term HIV management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T04:00:53Z","timestamp":1792382453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antiretroviral therapy intensification in people living with\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    on virological and clinical outcomes: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3652-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renatus B.","family":"Magati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences  Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8312-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belinda J.","family":"Njiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafidhi H.","family":"Ntissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6118-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine Aron","family":"Manguzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tusaligwe","family":"Mbilinyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7224-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goodluck G.","family":"Nyondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science  Dar es Salaam Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4867-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George Msema","family":"Bwire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science  Dar es Salaam 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